Conditions for fibronectin fibril formation in the earlyXenopus embryo

Winklbauer, Rudolf

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0177(199807)212:3<335::aid-aja1>3.0.co;2-i

Cited by 40 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Both integrin (O'Toole et al, 1994) and cadherin (Marsden and DeSimone, 2003) adhesive functions can be modulated by cytoplasmic signals, and modulation of one of these adhesion systems can affect the other (Finnemann et al, 1995;Winklbauer, 1998). Our results allow for the possibility that this interdependency could be partially mediated by local modifications of the cortical actin network, because we show that both adhesion systems depend on this network.…”

Section: Mhc-b Plays An Important and Necessary Role In Cementioning

confidence: 51%

Convergence and extension at gastrulation require a myosin IIB-dependent cortical actin network

et al. 2008

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Force-producing convergence (narrowing) and extension (lengthening) of tissues by active intercalation of cells along the axis of convergence play a major role in axial morphogenesis during embryo development in both vertebrates and invertebrates, and failure of these processes in human embryos leads to defects including spina bifida and anencephaly. Here we use Xenopus laevis, a system in which the polarized cell motility that drives this active cell intercalation has been related to the development of forces that close the blastopore and elongate the body axis, to examine the role of myosin IIB in convergence and extension. We find that myosin IIB is localized in the cortex of intercalating cells, and show by morpholino knockdown that this myosin isoform is essential for the maintenance of a stereotypical, cortical actin cytoskeleton as visualized with time-lapse fluorescent confocal microscopy. We show that this actin network consists of foci or nodes connected by cables and is polarized relative to the embryonic axis, preferentially cyclically shortening and lengthening parallel to the axis of cell polarization, elongation and intercalation, and also parallel to the axis of convergence forces during gastrulation. Depletion of MHC-B results in disruption of this polarized cytoskeleton, loss of the polarized protrusive activity characteristic of intercalating cells, eventual loss of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, and dose-dependent failure of blastopore closure, arguably because of failure to develop convergence forces parallel to the myosin IIB-dependent dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton. These findings bridge the gap between a molecular-scale motor protein and tissue-scale embryonic morphogenesis.

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Section: Mhc-b Plays An Important and Necessary Role In Cementioning

confidence: 51%

Convergence and extension at gastrulation require a myosin IIB-dependent cortical actin network

et al. 2008

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“…Essential roles of different members of the focal adhesion complex (FAC) have also been demonstrated in mouse, zebrafish and Drosophila (see Table 1). In Xenopus embryos, fibronectin is deposited as a fibrillar matrix that lines the blastocoel cavity, and is also found between migrating mesodermal cells (Marsden and DeSimone, 2001;Winklbauer, 1998). However, it seems that the fibronectin-integrin interaction is not required primarily for mesoderm cell adhesion to the blastocoel roof, but for cell spreading and for the formation of lamellipodia (Winklbauer and Keller, 1996).…”

Section: Ecm-cell Adhesion and Cell Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulated adhesion as a driving force of gastrulation movements

Hammerschmidt

Wedlich

2008

Development

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Recent data have reinforced the fundamental role of regulated cell adhesion as a force that drives morphogenesis during gastrulation. As we discuss, cell adhesion is required for all modes of gastrulation movements in all organisms. It can even be instructive in nature, but it must be tightly and dynamically regulated. The picture that emerges from the recent findings that we review here is that different modes of gastrulation movements use the same principles of adhesion regulation, while adhesion molecules themselves coordinate the intra- and extracellular changes required for directed cell locomotion.

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“…Embryos were fixed in 4% formaldehyde, BCRs were removed with needles, blocked in 5% BSA and stained with rabbit antibody to Xenopus FN (Winklbauer, 1998), and FITC-conjugated secondary antibody. Anterior mesoderm cells on conditioned substratum were fixed after 1 hour in 4% formaldehyde/0.1% Triton-X-100, and stained with 5 µM TRITC-conjugated phalloidin (Sigma) for 30 minutes.…”

Section: Fn Fibril and Actin Cytoskeleton Stainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Xenopus, migration of dorsal anterior mesoderm cells across the ectodermal blastocoel roof (BCR) relies on their interaction with a network of fibronectin (FN) containing fibrils (Winklbauer and Keller, 1996), the extracellular matrix of the BCR (Nakatsuji and Johnson, 1983a;Winklbauer, 1998). FN contributes to the adhesion of mesoderm cells to the BCR, and, most importantly, it elicits the formation of lamellipodia, the locomotory organelles of these cells (Winklbauer, 1990;Ramos and DeSimone, 1996;Winklbauer and Keller, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidance of mesoderm cell migration in theXenopusgastrula requires PDGF signaling

et al. 2004

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and supported by the DFG. We are grateful to Drs Eddy De Robertis, Herbert Steinbeisser, Michael Sargent and Mark Mercola for plasmids. We thank the members of our laboratories for discussions; Hiromasa Ninomiya and Mark Makowiecki for suggestions to improve the manuscript; and Carl-Philipp Heisenberg for communication of a manuscript before publication. ReferencesAndersson, M., Ostman, A., Westermark, B. and Heldin, C.-H. (1994).Characterization of the retention motif in the C-terminal part of the long splice form of platelet-derived growth factor A-chain. (1996). Mutation of a Src phosphorylation site in the PDGF beta-receptor leads to increased PDGF-stimulated chemotaxis but decreased mitogenesis. EMBO J. 15, 5299-5313.

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Conditions for fibronectin fibril formation in the earlyXenopus embryo

Cited by 40 publications

References 60 publications

Convergence and extension at gastrulation require a myosin IIB-dependent cortical actin network

Convergence and extension at gastrulation require a myosin IIB-dependent cortical actin network

Regulated adhesion as a driving force of gastrulation movements

Guidance of mesoderm cell migration in theXenopusgastrula requires PDGF signaling

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