Conditioning temperature for inducing uniform ripening of 'Abate Fetel' pears

Zucoloto, Moisés; Antoniolli, L. R.; Siqueira, Dalmo Lopes de; Czermainski, A. B. C.; Salomão, Luiz Carlos Chamhum

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20160040

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Cold conditioning of the fruit at 10°C resulted in a reduction of fruit firmness in both ‘Bartlett’ and ‘D’Anjou’ cultivars as was demonstrated previously [49, 53, 86]. For both cultivars, fruit softening accelerated once the fruit was transferred to 20°C.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Firmness was obtained from two equidistant points around the equatorial region of each fruit after removal of the peel with a GS-14 Fruit Texture Analyzer (GÜSS Instruments, South Africa) equipped with an 8.0 mm probe set at 5.0 mm flesh penetration. To determine significant factors impacting changes in fruit firmness, data were assessed using ANOVA, following the statistical approaches described previously [53, 63].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such post-harvest cold exposure to ripen fruit has been termed ‘conditioning’ [49–51]. Previous studies have characterized the conditioning needs for different pear cultivars in terms of storage temperatures, exogenous ethylene exposure and preharvest treatments [49, 50, 52, 53]. In the absence of exogenous ethylene, conditioning can be achieved by storing the fruit at -1° to 10°C for 1–15 days for ‘Bartlett’ to 60 days for ‘D’Anjou’ to 90 days for ‘Passe Crassane’ [51].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence for pre-climacteric activation of AOX transcription during cold-induced conditioning to ripen in European pear (Pyrus communis L.)

et al. 2019

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European pears (Pyrus communis L.) require a range of cold-temperature exposure to induce ethylene biosynthesis and fruit ripening. Physiological and hormonal responses to cold temperature storage in pear have been well characterized, but the molecular underpinnings of these phenomena remain unclear. An established low-temperature conditioning model was used to induce ripening of ‘D’Anjou’ and ‘Bartlett’ pear cultivars and quantify the expression of key genes representing ripening-related metabolic pathways in comparison to non-conditioned fruit. Physiological indicators of pear ripening were recorded, and fruit peel tissue sampled in parallel, during the cold-conditioning and ripening time-course experiment to correlate gene expression to ontogeny. Two complementary approaches, Nonparametric Multi-Dimensional Scaling and efficiency-corrected 2-(ΔΔCt), were used to identify genes exhibiting the most variability in expression. Interestingly, the enhanced alternative oxidase (AOX) transcript abundance at the pre-climacteric stage in ‘Bartlett’ and ‘D’Anjou’ at the peak of the conditioning treatments suggests that AOX may play a key and a novel role in the achievement of ripening competency. There were indications that cold-sensing and signaling elements from ABA and auxin pathways modulate the S1-S2 ethylene transition in European pears, and that the S1-S2 ethylene biosynthesis transition is more pronounced in ‘Bartlett’ as compared to ‘D’Anjou’ pear. This information has implications in preventing post-harvest losses of this important crop.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence for pre-climacteric activation of AOX transcription during cold-induced conditioning to ripen in European pear (Pyrus communis L.)

et al. 2019

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“…A GS-14 Fruit Texture Analyzer (GÜSS Instruments, South Africa) equipped with an 8.0 mm probe set at 5.0 mm flesh penetration was used to measure firmness at two equidistant points around the equatorial region of each fruit after removal of the peel. Firmness data were assessed using ANOVA, following the statistical approaches described previously 74,75 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for the Involvement of Vernalization-related Genes in the Regulation of Cold-induced Ripening in ‘D’Anjou’ and ‘Bartlett’ Pear Fruit

Hewitt

Hendrickson

Dhingra

2020

Sci Rep

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Physiological studies have characterized the conditioning requirements for a range of European pear cultivars under defined conditioning temperatures, exogenous ethylene application regimes, and other pre-harvest treatments 8-11. While exogenous ethylene treatment reduces cold conditioning needs, in most European pear cultivars it does not entirely supplant the need for cold conditioning. This indicates that cold-dependent mechanisms are partly responsible for regulating the development of ripening competency, which in turn impacts the quality and marketability of pear fruit. Interestingly, in contrast to P. communis and P. bretschneideri, many Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia L.) varieties have no conditioning requirements and are also regarded as non-climacteric fruits because they do not display the characteristic S1 to S2 transition during ripening 12. Additionally, 'Bosc' , unique from other European pear cultivars, acquires competency for ripening with exogenous ethylene only, needing no chilling to ripen 8. Requirement of cold exposure in pear to induce ripening is reminiscent of other natural cold temperature-dependent developmental phenomena, such as the vernalization and stratification that are needed for flowering and seed germination, respectively. The genes that regulate vernalization and stratification have been well-studied in model organisms, including Arabidopsis, wheat, and barley 13-15 ; however, similar gene homologues have not yet been reported in cold-induced fruit ripening. With respect to flowering, the process of developmental initiation following an environmentally governed dormant state is known as endodormancy release 16. Thus far, endodormancy release has not been used to characterize ripening after chilling, although the two processes share many similarities with regards to the timing and environmental nature of cold required, suggesting that similar genetic and regulatory mechanisms may govern these processes. Various forms of the chilling requirement for ripening have been described in avocado and mango, although to a lesser degree than in pear, as the former are more prone to chilling injury 17,18. Few recent studies have utilized a transcriptomics approach to characterize the molecular underpinnings of cold-induced S1 to S2 transition in pear. A complex interaction of genes is involved in regulating phytohormones, secondary messengers, signaling pathways, respiration and chromatin modification that underlies cold-induced progression of ripening 19-23. Genes associated with phytohormones such as abscisic acid (ABA), auxin, and jasmonic acid, along with several transcription factors were implicated in low-temperature-mediated enhancement of ripening in 'Bartlett' 21. In 'Passe Crassane, ' the impact of low temperature-induced ethylene (LT) and the effects of exogenous ethylene treatments were evaluated using a transcriptomics approach 24. It was observed that the expression of a subset of the LT-induced differentially expressed genes was disrupted by 1-MCP treatment, indicating that ...

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Section: Fruit Firmness Measurements and Tissue Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for the Involvement of Vernalization-related Genes in the Regulation of Cold-induced Ripening in ‘D’Anjou’ and ‘Bartlett’ Pear Fruit

Hewitt

Hendrickson

Dhingra

2019

Preprint

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European pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars require a genetically pre-determined duration of cold-temperature exposure to induce autocatalytic system 2 ethylene biosynthesis and subsequent fruit ripening. The physiological responses of pear to cold-temperature-induced ripening have been well characterized, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon continue to be elucidated. This study employed established cold temperature conditioning treatments for ripening of two pear cultivars, 'D'Anjou' and 'Bartlett'. Using a time-course transcriptomics approach, global gene expression responses of each cultivar were assessed at four different developmental stages during the cold conditioning process. Differential expression, functional annotation, and gene ontology enrichment analyses were performed. Interestingly, evidence for the involvement of cold-induced, vernalization-related genes and repressors of endodormancy release was found. These genes have not previously been described to play a role in fruit during the ripening transition. The resulting data provide insight into cultivar-specific mechanisms of cold-induced transcriptional regulation of ripening in European pear, as well as a unique comparative analysis of the two cultivars with very different cold conditioning requirements.For both cultivars, fruit softening accelerated once the fruit was transferred to 20°C. The rate of softening was more rapid for 'Bartlett' than 'D'Anjou'. RNAseq Assembly AnalysisRNAseq assembly generated 140077 contigs (Supplementary File 1). In the OmicsBox suite, the maSigPro R package was used to conduct time course differential expression analyses for both cultivars. 17,711 differentially expressed contigs (p<0.05) were identified for 'D'Anjou', with 7,174 of these contigs exhibiting significant linear or quadratic trends over time (R>0.8). In 'Bartlett' 31,481 contigs were identified as being differentially expressed, with 7,174 contigs exhibiting significant quadratic or linear trends over time (R>0.8) (Supplementary File 2). Similarities and differences in expression trends of contigs of interest between 'D'Anjou' and 'Bartlett', as well as expression patterns of differentially expressed contigs (DECs) associated with ethylene and phytohormone metabolism, abscisic acid metabolism, TCA cycle, respiration, were assessed. Additionally, in order to better understand the mechanisms underlying the chilling requirement for ripening in Pyrus, the expression of genes associated with: vernalization, flowering, dormancy, and other processes directly induced by cold/chilling were observed. Preclimacteric expression of AOX1 peaked during conditioning prior to onset of ripening (Figure 1), supporting the hypothesis. Additional key genes, including those that mediate vernalization and endodormancy release were also observed to be differentially expressed. Detailed analysis of RNAseq results and enriched gene ontologies related to phytohormone metabolism and coldresponse pathways are discussed in detail in the following sections.

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Conditioning temperature for inducing uniform ripening of 'Abate Fetel' pears

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Evidence for pre-climacteric activation of AOX transcription during cold-induced conditioning to ripen in European pear (Pyrus communis L.)

Evidence for pre-climacteric activation of AOX transcription during cold-induced conditioning to ripen in European pear (Pyrus communis L.)

Evidence for the Involvement of Vernalization-related Genes in the Regulation of Cold-induced Ripening in ‘D’Anjou’ and ‘Bartlett’ Pear Fruit

Evidence for the Involvement of Vernalization-related Genes in the Regulation of Cold-induced Ripening in ‘D’Anjou’ and ‘Bartlett’ Pear Fruit

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