Conditioning improves performance of juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, to transportation stress

Schreck, Carl B.; Jónsson, Logi; Feist, Grant W.; Reno, Paul W.

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(95)01018-1

Cited by 72 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…One week before the onset of PCB treatment, a daily "training" procedure was started: In random order, one fish from each tank was netted and subsequently released into the tank from which it was taken. It is known that such a treatment habituates the animals to a sampling-related event resulting in a reduction of the sampling-associated rise in plasma cortisol levels (Schreck et al, 1995;and our unpub lished observation). Daily from day 4 until day 7 of the experimental feeding, one animal from each tank was quickly caught and treated as described below.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Interrenal Stress Responsiveness of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) Is Impaired by Dietary Exposure to PCB 126

Quabius

Balm

Bonga

1997

General and Comparative Endocrinology

101

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Activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis is characteristic of stress responses, which may result from a variety of environmental challenges. To investigate whether the stress response, and in particular the HPI axis, in tilapia (Orcochromis mossambicus) is compromised by short-term exposure to PCB 126, fish of both sexes were fed diets containing PCB 126 (50 M-g/kg fish • day) for 5 days. In the first approach, which was performed twice, fish were acutely stressed for periods varying between 1 and 30 min at the end of the exposure period; in the second approach fish were sampled at the end of the exposure period either at rest or after 2 h of stress (confinement). After 5 days, the body weights in all experiments were significantly lower in PCB-fed fish than in control fish. There were no changes in basal plasma glucose levels, plasma ion concentrations, or branchial, renal, and intestinal Na,K-ATPase activity following PCB exposure. In the first experimental ap proach, in which fish experienced acute sampling stress, plasma cortisol levels reached lower levels in PCB-fed fish than in controls. This suggests an impaired ability to acutely activate interrenal steroidogenesis in PCBtreated tilapia. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-and cAMP-stimulated in vitro cortisol release from superfused head kidneys was lower in tissues from tilapia exposed to PCB 126 than in tissues from control animals. This effect persisted after 24 h in vitro, which, together with the high PCB 126 concentrations measured in the head kidneys of PCB-fed fish, may indicate direct toxic effects on the interrenal cells. The second experimental approach demonstrated that basal plasma cortisol and ACTH levels were not influenced by PCB treatment, but that the basal ACTH content of the rostral pars distalis (RPD) of the pituitary gland of PCB-fed fish was lower than that of control fish. After 2 h confinement, plasma cortisol levels and ACTH content of the RPD rose to similar values in both groups, whereas plasma ACTH levels were higher in confined PCB-fed fish than in confined controls. PCB-fed fish showed a lower hypergly cemic response to confinement than control fish. Confine ment resulted in similarly elevated renal and intestinal Na,K-ATPase activities in both PCB-fed and control fish; branchial enzyme activities were not affected. Since PCB did not affect Na,K-ATPase activities and plasma ion concentrations, it is concluded that the effects of PCB 126 on the HPI axis in tilapia are not secondary to ionoregulatory dysfunction © 1997 A cadem ic P ress

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Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Interrenal Stress Responsiveness of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) Is Impaired by Dietary Exposure to PCB 126

Quabius

Balm

Bonga

1997

General and Comparative Endocrinology

101

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“…After conditioning, the fish's physiological stress response (cortisol) to subsequent stressors (transportation) was significantly lowered as compared to controls. In addition, the psychologically hardened fish had a higher rate of survival in a number of challenge tests after the initial transportation stressor (Schreck et al, 1995).…”

Section: Psychological Aspects Of Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although very little research has addressed the issue of psychological well-being in fish, the results of such studies clearly demonstrate the psychological component of stress. In one such experiment, Schreck et al (1995) were able to positively condition chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to a stressor (emptying the fish tank until the water just covered the fish's bodies). After conditioning, the fish's physiological stress response (cortisol) to subsequent stressors (transportation) was significantly lowered as compared to controls.…”

Section: Psychological Aspects Of Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can fish suffer?: perspectives on sentience, pain, fear and stress

Chandroo

Duncan

Moccia

2004

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

338

165

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In contrast to other major forms of livestock agriculture, there is a paucity of scientific information on the welfare of fish raised under intensive aquacultural conditions. This reflects an adherence to the belief that these animals have not evolved the salient biological characteristics that are hypothesised to permit sentience. In this review, we evaluate the scientific evidence for the existence of sentience in fish, and in particular, their ability to experience pain, fear and psychological stress. Teleost fish are considered to have marked differences in some aspects of brain structure and organization as compared to tetrapods, yet they simultaneously demonstrate functional similarities and a level of cognitive development suggestive of sentience. Anatomical, pharmacological and behavioural data suggest that affective states of pain, fear and stress are likely to be experienced by fish in similar ways as in tetrapods. This implies that fish have the capacity to suffer, and that welfare consideration for farmed fish should take these states into account. We suggest that the concept of animal welfare can be applied legitimately to fish. It is therefore appropriate to recognize and study the welfare of farmed fish.

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“…However, when chinook salmon (Onchorhynchus tshawytscha) were exposed to stressors twice a day sequentially over a period of several weeks, those fish experiencing the stressors had lower cortisol, glucose and lactate responses and more rapid recovery than fish with no prior experience with stress when exposed to subsequent severe handling/crowding for several hours. The length of time between stressors can thus affect the physiological response to a subsequent stressor (Schreck et al, 1995). In pacu, the presentation of the stressor spaced 24h apart showed a rapid cumulative response of cortisol recovering the control condition between 15 and 30 min.…”

Section: Results Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress responses in juvenile pacu (<em>Piaractus mesopotamicus</em>) submitted to repeated air exposure

Biller

Bendhack

Takahashi

et al. 2008

Acta Sci. Anim. Sci.

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Conditioning improves performance of juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, to transportation stress

Cited by 72 publications

References 20 publications

Interrenal Stress Responsiveness of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) Is Impaired by Dietary Exposure to PCB 126

Interrenal Stress Responsiveness of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) Is Impaired by Dietary Exposure to PCB 126

Can fish suffer?: perspectives on sentience, pain, fear and stress

Stress responses in juvenile pacu (<em>Piaractus mesopotamicus</em>) submitted to repeated air exposure

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