Conditioned taste aversions and drugs of abuse: A reinterpretation.

Grigson, Patricia S.

doi:10.1037/0735-7044.111.1.129

Cited by 225 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Most self-administered drugs produce CTA (Grigson, 1997;Hunt and Amit, 1987), and this finding is further supported with this review. CTA has been hypothesized previously to be positively correlated with sensitivity to drug reinforcement (Hunt and Amit, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Ethanol drinking in rodents: is free-choice drinking related to the reinforcing effects of ethanol?

Green¹,

Grahame²

2008

Alcohol

179

167

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Many studies have used voluntary ethanol consumption by animals to assess the influence of genetic and environmental manipulations on ethanol drinking. However, the relationship between home cage ethanol consumption and more formal assessments of ethanol-reinforced behavior using operant and instrumental conditioning procedures is not always clear. The present review attempted to evaluate whether there are consistent correlations between mouse and rat home cage ethanol drinking on the one hand, and either operant oral self-administration (OSA), conditioned taste aversion (CTA) or conditioned place preference (CPP) with ethanol on the other. We also review literature on intravenous ethanol self-administration (IVSA). To collect data, we evaluated a range of genetic manipulations that can change both genes and ethanol drinking behavior including selective breeding, transgenic and knock-out models, and inbred and recombinant inbred strain panels. For a genetic model to be included in the analysis, there had to be published data resulting in differences on home cage drinking and data for at least one of the other behavioral measures. A consistent, positive correlation was observed between ethanol drinking and OSA, suggesting that instrumental behavior is closely genetically related to consummatory and ingestive behavior directed at ethanol. A negative correlation was observed between CTA and drinking, suggesting that ethanol's aversive actions may limit oral consumption of ethanol. A more modest, positive relationship was observed between drinking and CPP, and there were not enough studies available to determine a relationship with IVSA. That some consistent outcomes were observed between widely disparate behavioral procedures and genetic populations may increase confidence in the validity of findings from these assays. These findings may also have important implications when researchers decide which phenotypes to use in measuring alcohol-reward relevant behaviors in novel animal models.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Ethanol drinking in rodents: is free-choice drinking related to the reinforcing effects of ethanol?

Green¹,

Grahame²

2008

Alcohol

179

167

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“…The key, then, is to understand the conditions under which drugs devalue natural rewards and, alternatively, the conditions under which natural rewards might serve to protect against substance abuse and addiction. To this end, we continue to hone the first animal model for the systematic study of drug-induced devaluation of natural rewards [7,8 ]. We will describe this model and discuss what has been learned about devaluation, drug-taking, and the potential protective effects of natural rewards on substance abuse, addiction, and relapse.…”

Section: Natural Rewards: Potential For Hopementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given this information, we hypothesized that rats avoid intake of a drug-associated taste cue because the value of the taste cue pales in comparison to the powerful drug reward anticipated in the very near future [7]. By way of indirect support, a great deal of data suggest that drugs of abuse are rewarding and that drug-induced suppression of CS intake is not like that induced by LiCl.…”

Section: The Model: Experimenter Delivered Drugmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reward comparison: the Achilles’ heel and hope for addiction

Grigson

2008

Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models

Self Cite

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In the words of the late Charles Flaherty, reward comparison is commonplace. Rats and man, it appears, compare all rewards and this capacity likely contributes to our ability to select the most appropriate reward/behavior (food, water, salt, sex), at the most ideal level (e.g., a certain sweetness), at any given time. A second advantage of our predisposition for reward comparison is that the availability of rich alternative rewards can protect against our becoming addicted to any single reward/behavior. Thus, the potential protective effects of natural rewards/enrichment are addressed. Despite this, behavior can become inflexible when, through the development of addiction, stress, drug, or cues elicit craving, withdrawal, and ultimately, drug-seeking. Drug-seeking corresponds with a 'window of inopportunity', when even potent natural rewards have little or no impact on behavior. During this time, there is a unitary solution to the need state, and that solution is drug. The present animal model explores this 'window of inopportunity' when natural rewards are devalued and drug-seeking is engaged and considers a mode of possible intervention.

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“…20 The self-administration model has been successfully used to measure psychostimulant reinforcement in non-human animal models. [21][22][23] In this model, animals are trained to perform an action in order to receive an infusion of a drug.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to methylphenidate during infancy and adolescence in non-human animals and sensitization to abuse of psychostimulants later in life: a systematic review

Jaboinski

Cabral

Campos

et al. 2015

Trends Psychiatry Psychother.

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Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric pathology that has an important prevalence among young people and is difficult to diagnose. It is usually treated with methylphenidate, a psychostimulant with a mechanism of action similar to that of cocaine. Previous studies show that repeated use of psychostimulants during childhood or adolescence may sensitize subjects, making them more prone to later abuse of psychostimulant drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamine. Objective: To review experimental studies in non-human models (rodents and monkeys) treated with methylphenidate during infancy or adolescence and tested for reinforcing effects on psychostimulant drugs in adulthood. Method: Systematic collection of data was performed on four databases (Web of Knowledge, PsycARTICLE, PubMed and SciE-LO). The initial search identified 202 articles published from 2009 to 2014, which were screened for eligibility. Seven articles met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed in this study. Results:The findings indicate that early exposure to methylphenidate has an effect on an ADHD animal model, specifically, on spontaneously hypertensive strain rats, especially those tested using the self-administration paradigm. Conclusion: Future studies should prioritize the spontaneously hypertensive rat strain -an animal model of ADHD. Experimental designs comparing different behavioral paradigms and modes of administration using this strain could lead to improved understanding of the effects of exposure to methylphenidate during childhood and adolescence.

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Conditioned taste aversions and drugs of abuse: A reinterpretation.

Cited by 225 publications

References 61 publications

Ethanol drinking in rodents: is free-choice drinking related to the reinforcing effects of ethanol?

Ethanol drinking in rodents: is free-choice drinking related to the reinforcing effects of ethanol?

Reward comparison: the Achilles’ heel and hope for addiction

Exposure to methylphenidate during infancy and adolescence in non-human animals and sensitization to abuse of psychostimulants later in life: a systematic review

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