Conditioned taste aversion and specific need states in the rat.

Weisinger, R. S.; Parker, Lorne F.; Skorupski, Joseph D.

doi:10.1037/h0036980

Cited by 18 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…However, a replication study by Domjan and Levy (1977) showed that the failure to condition an aversion response was due to the weak sugar solution that served as the CS. Although the results were not replicated, the Weisinger et al (1974) study is a model of the type of additional evidence (Type Il negative evidence) needed beyond simple failures to condition, in order to compel an inference of a biological constraint.…”

Section: Predictions Of Biological Constraint Effects From Ethologicamentioning

confidence: 66%

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Biological constraints revisited: A critique

Damianopoulos

1989

Animal Learning & Behavior

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Four types of supporting evidence for inferences of biological constraints on conditioning are evaluated: (1) unexpected failures to condition (discriminative leverpress avoidance); (2) rapid or one-trial learning (taste-aversion studies); (3) crossover learning effects (the Garcia-Koelling effect); and (4) unique predictions from biological constraint-based frameworks. According to a current logic model of scientific explanation and prediction, none of these types of evidence is adequately compelling for inferences of biological constraints. The core problem identified is that negative evidence not attributable to an identified causal factor in terms of EtC (experimental/control) design outcome has been used to both reject general-process learning laws and compel inferences of biological constraints. A design solution using a blocking EtC conditioning paradigm is presented.

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Section: Predictions Of Biological Constraint Effects From Ethologicamentioning

confidence: 66%

“…In contrast to this lack of operational explicitness, Weisinger, Parker, and Skorupski (1974) attempted to induce a biological constraint factor directly, by injection of formalin and insulin. Formalin in rats was assumed to induce a sodium appetite and insulin a reduction of blood sugar.…”

Section: Predictions Of Biological Constraint Effects From Ethologicamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological constraints revisited: A critique

Damianopoulos

1989

Animal Learning & Behavior

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“…Another example of the dependence of associative learning on specific combinations of conditioned and reinforcing stimuli was recently reported by Weisinger, Parker, and Skorupski (1974). They found that when distress induced by the injection of insulin is used as the unconditional stimulus, rats learn an aversion to the taste of sodium chloride but not to the taste of sucrose.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The present investigation was designed to explore further the possibility of CS specificity effects in taste-aversion conditioning with aversive need states. First, experiments were conducted to evaluate sucrose-and saline-aversion conditioning with formalin and insulin, using procedures that were expected to minimize the potential methodological problems in Weisinger et al's (1974) study. Conditioned stimulus specificity effects were not found in these initial experiments.…”

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confidence: 99%

Taste aversions conditioned by the aversiveness of insulin and formalin: Role of CS specificity.

Domjan¹,

Levy²

1977

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes

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Experimenters in the past have reported that when insulin is used as the unconditioned stimulus (US), rats will learn an aversion to a sodium chloride but not a sucrose solution, whereas with formalin as the US, they will learn an aversion to a sucrose but not a saline solution. The present experiments failed to confirm these findings. Aversions to sucrose were conditioned with insulin and aversions to sodium chloride were conditioned with formalin. The use of a more concentrated sucrose solution in the present study may have been responsible for the successful sucrose-aversion conditioning with insulin. Although the source of the discrepancy in findings concerning aversion conditioning with formalin remains unclear, experiments ruled out numerous possibilities. These experiments also showed that sodium chloride aversion conditioning with formalin is a highly robust phenomenon that occurs with a variety of conditioned stimulus durations and formalin doses, with distributed and massed training, in male and female rats, and even if saline is not the only novel solution presented during conditioning. Furthermore, the aversion can be detected with both single-stimulus and choice test procedures.

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“…The relative control over responding by the elements of a compound conditioned or discriminative stimulus depends on the reinforcer that follows that compound stimulus (Garcia and Koelling, 1966;Foree and Lo-Lordo, 1973;Weisinger, Parker, and Skorupski, 1974). For example, Foree and LoLordo (1973) trained pigeons to depress a treadle in the presence of a compound stimulus consisting of tone and illuminated red houselights.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

CONTROL BY THE AUDITORY OR THE VISUAL ELEMENT OF A COMPOUND DISCRIMINATIVE STIMULUS: EFFECTS OF FEEDBACK¹

LoLordo

Furrow

1976

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Groups of pigeons were trained to depress a treadle in the presence of a compound stimulus consisting of a tone and a red houselight (a) to avoid electric shock, or (b) to obtain grain. Immediate, exteroceptive feedback was equated for avoidance and appetitive groups within an experiment, but varied across experiments from elevation of a nonilluminated feeder to darkening of the chamber, termination of the tone, and elevation of an illuminated feeder. Responding in the absence of the compound stimulus postponed its next occurrence. After performance had stabilized, the degree to which each element controlled treadle pressing was determined. Generally, in the appetitive tests, the red light controlled much more responding than did the tone, but in the avoidance tests, the tone controlled more responding than did the red light.

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Conditioned taste aversion and specific need states in the rat.

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

Biological constraints revisited: A critique

Biological constraints revisited: A critique

Taste aversions conditioned by the aversiveness of insulin and formalin: Role of CS specificity.

CONTROL BY THE AUDITORY OR THE VISUAL ELEMENT OF A COMPOUND DISCRIMINATIVE STIMULUS: EFFECTS OF FEEDBACK¹

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Conditioned taste aversion and specific need states in the rat.

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

Biological constraints revisited: A critique

Biological constraints revisited: A critique

Taste aversions conditioned by the aversiveness of insulin and formalin: Role of CS specificity.

CONTROL BY THE AUDITORY OR THE VISUAL ELEMENT OF A COMPOUND DISCRIMINATIVE STIMULUS: EFFECTS OF FEEDBACK1

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CONTROL BY THE AUDITORY OR THE VISUAL ELEMENT OF A COMPOUND DISCRIMINATIVE STIMULUS: EFFECTS OF FEEDBACK¹