Conditioned Preference in Humans: A Novel Experimental Approach

Johnsrude, Ingrid S.; Owen, Adrian M.; Zhao, Weihua; White, Norman M.

doi:10.1006/lmot.1999.1031

Cited by 34 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Stage 1 (Pre-conditioning CS Ratings): Ratings of the futuremons were obtained using a rating procedure similar to that used by Johnsrude, Owen, Zhao, & White, (1999). This procedure was chosen in preference to the standard 200-point visual analogue scale (described above) typically used in EC research because it conceals from the participant the ratings they have given.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

I don’t like it because it eats sprouts: Conditioning preferences in children

Field

2006

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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Although little is known about how preferences develop in childhood, work in adults suggests that evaluative responses to stimuli can be acquired through classical conditioning. In two experiments children were exposed to novel cartoon characters, that were either consistently paired with a picture of a disliked food (Brussels sprouts) or a liked food (ice cream). Relative preferences for these stimuli (and others) were measured before and after these paired presentations (Experiment 1): preferences for the cartoon character paired with Brussels sprouts decreased, whereas preferences for the character paired with ice cream increased. These preferences persisted after 10 un-reinforced trials. Experiment 2 replicated this finding using affective priming as an index of preference for the cartoon characters. These findings demonstrate that preferences to novel stimuli can be conditioned in children and result from associations formed between the stimulus and a stimulus possessing positive or negative valence.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

I don’t like it because it eats sprouts: Conditioning preferences in children

Field

2006

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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“…Conversely, if that trial was specified to be incorrect, the number on the back would be 1, 2, or 3. Five visually discriminable, abstract patterns (Petrides and Milner, 1982;Johnsrude et al, 1999) were presented on the backs of the cards, and the outcome number was superimposed on these. These patterns were paired with reward and negative feedback in predetermined ways at different contingencies.…”

Section: Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eight different patterns were used in this part of the experiment: the five patterns from the conditioning task plus three novel patterns (Johnsrude et al, 1999). Each trial consisted of a set of two patterns.…”

Section: Judgmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our previous work demonstrates that preferences can be conditioned for previously neutral stimuli after repeated pairings with rewarding events in the absence of explicit reward anticipation (Johnsrude et al, 1999(Johnsrude et al, , 2000Cox et al, 2002). However, the brain system supporting this preference learning has not yet been explored in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the brain system supporting this preference learning has not yet been explored in detail. Here, we use a procedure, based on that of Johnsrude et al (1999), during which abstract visual patterns are consistently associated with monetary and auditory reward. In a subsequent session, the patterns are presented alone and their (conditioned) affective valence is assessed behaviorally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Learning to Like: A Role for Human Orbitofrontal Cortex in Conditioned Reward

Cox

Andrade²,

Johnsrude³

2005

J. Neurosci.

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A great deal of human behavior and motivation is based on the intrinsic emotional significance of rewarding or aversive events, as well as on the associations formed between such emotional events and concurrent environmental stimuli. Recent functional neuroimaging studies have implicated the ventral striatum, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and amygdala in the representation of reward values and/or in the anticipation of rewarding events. Here, we use functional magnetic resonance imaging to compare brain activation during the presentation of reward with that during presentation of (conditioned) stimuli that have been paired previously with reward. Specifically, we aimed to investigate conditioned reward in the absence of explicit reward anticipation. Twenty-two healthy volunteers were scanned while monochrome visual patterns were incidentally associated with reward or negative feedback in the context of a simple card game. In the subsequent session, visual patterns, including the conditioned stimuli, were presented without reward or negative feedback, and the affective valence of these stimuli was assessed behaviorally. The presentation of reward compared with negative feedback activated the ventral striatum and OFC. Activation in the same OFC region was observed when, in the subsequent session, subjects passively viewed the stimuli that had been paired with reward, without the administration of reward and with subjects being essentially unaware of the conditioning manipulation. These findings suggest that the OFC in humans plays an important role in the representation of both rewarding stimuli and conditioned stimuli that have acquired reward value.

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Attitudes and Persuasion

Vargas

2010

Handbook of Social Psychology

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Conditioned Preference in Humans: A Novel Experimental Approach

Cited by 34 publications

References 54 publications

I don’t like it because it eats sprouts: Conditioning preferences in children

I don’t like it because it eats sprouts: Conditioning preferences in children

Learning to Like: A Role for Human Orbitofrontal Cortex in Conditioned Reward

Attitudes and Persuasion

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