Conditioned medium from tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells promotes adiponectin production

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are often considered to be a good source for the development of regenerative medicine. Previously, we reported that tonsil‑derived MSC conditioned medium (T‑MSC CM) produces visceral fat reducing effects. As reduced visceral adiposity is closely associated with an increase in circulating adiponectin, the present study investigated the effects of T‑MSC CM on adiponectin production. T‑MSC CM was collected from previously isolated and characterized T‑MSCs and injected into senescence‑accelerated mouse prone 6 mice, which exhibit characteristics of aging and obesity. The results demonstrated a reduction in mouse weight and epididymal adipose tissue (eAT) mass following injection of T‑MSC CM. Significant increases in adiponectin expression in the eAT, and total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin in the circulation were observed in the T‑MSC CM‑injected mice compared with control mice using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and ELISA. In 3T3‑L1 adipocytes, T‑MSC CM treatment increased adiponectin secretion and multimerization, as detected using western blotting under non‑reducing and non‑heat‑denaturing conditions. Furthermore, glucose oxidase was used to induce oxidative stress in 3T3‑L1 adipocytes and it was observed that T‑MSC CM reduced reactive oxygen species production and the expression of certain oxidative stress markers. In addition, the results also demonstrated that the production of HMW adiponectin was increased, which indicates that T‑MSC CM may enhance adiponectin multimerization via amelioration of oxidative stress. Further studies are required to elucidate anti‑oxidant molecules secreted from T‑MSCs, and these results highlight the potential therapeutic relevance of T‑MSC CM for the treatment of obesity or obesity‑associated diseases.

Application of Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Tissue Regeneration: Concise Review

“…In contrast to the osteogenic TMSCs, there are few studies looking at possible applications of adipogenically differentiated TMSCs, probably due to the lack of translational and clinical applications. However, in one study of interest, CM from adipogenically differentiated TMSCs was injected into mice and produced a decrease in body fat mass and subsequent weight loss . The same study also determined that injected TMSCs probably stimulated adipose tissues of mice to increase the production of adiponectin, which triggers redistribution of body fat , eventually leading to weight loss.…”

Adipokines at the crossroads of obesity and mesenchymal stem cell therapy

“…Intriguingly, MSC therapy could alleviate adipose tissue inflammation and rebalance serum adipokine levels. Indeed, injection of conditioned media from tonsil-derived MSC was reported to increase the expression of adiponectin in epididymal adipose tissue, as well as circulating levels of total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin in obese mice 94 . Similarly, treatment with BM-MSC or their conditioned media increased adiponectin gene expression in HFD-fed mice, which was accompanied by protection against obesity-induced cardiac dysfunction 95 .…”

Conditioned medium from human tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibits glucocorticoid-induced adipocyte differentiation

“…Likewise, our research group found that injecting MSCs isolated from human palatine tonsils (T-MSCs) reduces high-fat diet-induced weight gain in mice [ 14 ]. We also found that conditioned medium (CM) from T-MSCs inhibits adipocyte differentiation and reduces weight gain in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 6 (SAMP6) mice, which exhibit obesity in aging [ 15 , 16 ]. To extend these previous observations, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which T-MSC CM inhibits adipocyte differentiation.…”