“…As regards method of measuring contagion, current studies offer many methods to measure the propagation of international shocks across countries. Forbes and Rigobon (2002) indicated that four different methodologies have been utilised to measure how shocks are transmitted internationally: cross market correlation coefficients (King & Wadhwani, 1990;Forbes & Rigobon, 2002;Collins & Biekpe, 2003;Lee et al, 2007;Lee & Wu, 2009;Asongu, 2012;Asongu, 2013); ARCH and GARCH models (Hamao et al, 1990;King et al, 1994;Bekaert et al, 2005;Brailsford et al, 2006;Lee & Wu, 2009;Saleem, 2009); cointegration techniques (Longin & Solnik, 1995;Kanas, 1998;Yang & Bessler, 2008); and direct estimation of specific transmission mechanisms (Forbes, 2000;Ang & Bekaert, 2002). To be consistent with the broad definition and the restrictive definition of contagion, the paper shall adopt Forbes and Rigobon (2002) and GJR-GARCH model for the examination of political earthquake.…”