Conditional probability of distributed surface rupturing during normal-faulting earthquakes

Ferrario, Maria Francesca; Livio, Franz

doi:10.5194/se-12-1197-2021

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The Edgecumbe earthquake is a moderate magnitude earthquake with short primary fault rupture length (i.e., the Edgecumbe fault) compared to average and maximum slip, a high degree of secondary faulting, and wide faulted zone compared to global catalogs of normal fault earthquakes. For example, normal fault earthquakes have an average‐to‐maximum surface slip ratio of 0.35 ± 0.11 m, and only 30% of events show distributed faulting at 7 km from the primary fault (Ferrario & Livio, 2021; Wesnousky, 2008); our results show a ratio of 0.48 and distributed faulting at distances up to ∼8 km from the Edgecumbe fault. Fault displacement hazard curves ultimately hinge on data from past events, so improving rupture mapping accuracy directly impacts hazard estimates derived from global catalogs (e.g., Ferrario & Livio, 2018, 2021).…”

Section: Pushing the Limits: Lessons Learned In Reconstructing Modera...mentioning

confidence: 50%

“…For example, normal fault earthquakes have an average‐to‐maximum surface slip ratio of 0.35 ± 0.11 m, and only 30% of events show distributed faulting at 7 km from the primary fault (Ferrario & Livio, 2021; Wesnousky, 2008); our results show a ratio of 0.48 and distributed faulting at distances up to ∼8 km from the Edgecumbe fault. Fault displacement hazard curves ultimately hinge on data from past events, so improving rupture mapping accuracy directly impacts hazard estimates derived from global catalogs (e.g., Ferrario & Livio, 2018, 2021). Based on our mapping and Rotoitipakau fault traces from Beanland et al.…”

Section: Pushing the Limits: Lessons Learned In Reconstructing Modera...mentioning

confidence: 50%

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3D Coseismic Surface Displacements From Historical Aerial Photographs of the 1987 Edgecumbe Earthquake, New Zealand

et al. 2022

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Earthquake surface deformation provides key constraints on the geometry, kinematics, and displacements of fault rupture. However, deriving these characteristics from past earthquakes is complicated by insufficient knowledge of the pre‐event landscape and its post‐event modification. The 1987 Mw 6.5 Edgecumbe earthquake in the northern Taupō volcanic zone (TVZ) in New Zealand represents a moderate‐magnitude earthquake with distributed surface rupture that occurred before widespread high‐resolution topographic data were available. We use historical aerial photos to build pre‐ and post‐earthquake digital surface models (DSMs) using structure‐from‐motion techniques. We measured discrete and distributed deformation from differenced DSMs and compared the effectiveness of the technique to traditional field‐ and lidar‐based studies. We identified most fault traces recognized by 1987 field mapping, mapped newly identified traces, and made dense remote slip measurements with a vertical separation resolution of ∼0.3 m. Our maximum and average vertical separation measurements on the Edgecumbe fault trace (2.5 ± 0.3 and 1.2 m, respectively), are similar to field‐based values of 2.4 and 1.1 m, respectively. Importantly, this technique can discern between new and pre‐existing fault scarps better than field techniques or post‐earthquake lidar‐based measurements alone. Our surface displacement results are used to refine subsurface fault geometries and slip distributions at depth, which are further used to investigate potential magmatic‐tectonic stress interactions in the northern TVZ. Our results suggest the Edgecumbe fault dips more gently at depth than at the surface, hosted shallow slip in 1987, and may be advanced toward failure by interactions with nearby magma bodies.

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Section: Pushing the Limits: Lessons Learned In Reconstructing Modera...mentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Pushing the Limits: Lessons Learned In Reconstructing Modera...mentioning

confidence: 50%

3D Coseismic Surface Displacements From Historical Aerial Photographs of the 1987 Edgecumbe Earthquake, New Zealand

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The Edgecumbe earthquake is a moderate magnitude (Mw 6.5) earthquake that has a short primary fault rupture length (i.e., the Edgecumbe fault) compared to average and maximum slip, high degree of secondary faulting, and a very wide faulted zone compared to global catalogs of normal fault earthquakes (Ferrario & Livio, 2021;Wesnousky, 2008). Our additional fault trace mapping only increases these values-secondary faulting is denser than previously recognized, increasing the amount of distributed faulting for this event (Ferrario & Livio, 2021). Based on our mapping combined with the Rotoitipakau fault traces from Beanland et al (1989), there were 17.6 km of primary fault (Edgecumbe and Awaiti) surface rupture traces and 36.8 km of secondary fault surface rupture traces (Fig.…”

Section: Role Of Minor Faults During Coseismic Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D coseismic surface displacements from historical aerial photographs of the 1987 Edgecumbe earthquake, New Zealand

Delano

Stahl

Howell

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Earthquake surface deformation provides key constraints on the geometry, kinematics, displacements, and complexity of fault rupture. However, deriving these precise characteristics from past earthquakes is complicated by a lack of detailed knowledge of landforms before the earthquake and how the landform has since been modified. The 1987 Mw 6.6 Edgecumbe earthquake in the northern Taupō volcanic zone in New Zealand represents a moderate-magnitude earthquake with complicated surface rupture that occurred before widespread high-resolution topographic data were available. We use historical aerial photos to build pre-and post-earthquake digital surface models using structure-from-motion techniques. By differencing the two surface models, we more definitively measure discrete and distributed deformation from this earthquake and compare the effectiveness of the technique to traditional field-and lidar-based studies. We identified most fault traces recognized by field mapping in 1987, mapped new traces not recorded in the field, and take denser, detailed remote slip measurements with a vertical separation resolution of ~0.3 m. Our maximum and average vertical separation measurements on the Edgecumbe fault trace (2.5 ± 0.3 m and 1.2 m, respectively), are similar to field-based maximum and recalculated averages of 2.4 m and 1.1 m, respectively. Importantly, this technique is able to discern between new fault scarps and pre-existing fault scarps better than field techniques or lidar-based measurements alone. Results from this approach can be used to refine estimated subsurface fault geometries and slip distributions at depth, and here is used to investigate potential magmatic-tectonic stress trigging in the northern Taupō volcanic zone.

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“…A Case Study of Multidisciplinary Surface Faulting Assessment in the Urbanized Fucino Basin, Italy INTRODUCTION Fault displacement hazard (FDH) is the hazard due to the occurrence of coseismic ruptures of the ground surface located along fault traces rupturing during medium-to-large earthquakes (e.g., Youngs et al, 2003;Moss & Ross, 2011;Petersen et al, 2011;Baize et al, 2020;Nurminen et al, 2020;Ferrario & Livio, 2021;IAEA, 2015;. The FDH is therefore strictly connected to the presence of the so-called capable faults, that is faults that have accommodated at least one surface-rupturing earthquake in recent times and have the potential for releasing surface-rupturing earthquakes in the future (IAEA, 2022).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Case Study of Multidisciplinary Surface Faulting Assessment in the Urbanized Fucino Basin, Italy

Iezzi¹,

Boncio²,

Testa³

et al. 2023

IJG

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The occurrence of coseismic surface ruptures along fault traces in urbanised areas creates a serious hazard to the vulnerability of man-made manufactures. In order to mitigate such hazard, it is necessary to investigate the geometry, the activity and the capability of faults located close to urbanised areas. This paper presents a case study of the investigation of capable faults within a sensitive area in Italy that is characterized by a high density of population and industrial activities, high levels of seismicity and the presence of faults proven to be capable of rupturing the surface during medium-to-large earthquakes. We focused on the Luco fault (Fucino basin, Central Italy), which previous studies have suggested to cross the industrial district of the town of Avezzano. We present a multidisciplinary approach, consisting of Electrical Resistivity Tomography surveys, continuous-coring boreholes and paleoseismological trenches, aimed at accurately constraining the trace of the Luco fault and documenting the associated fault displacement. This allowed us to constrain the geometry of the Luco fault and to assess the associated fault displacement hazard. We suggest that the proposed methodology represents a pilot study for further investigations of capable faults in the Italian and other similar seismotectonic contexts.

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Conditional probability of distributed surface rupturing during normal-faulting earthquakes

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

3D Coseismic Surface Displacements From Historical Aerial Photographs of the 1987 Edgecumbe Earthquake, New Zealand

3D Coseismic Surface Displacements From Historical Aerial Photographs of the 1987 Edgecumbe Earthquake, New Zealand

3D coseismic surface displacements from historical aerial photographs of the 1987 Edgecumbe earthquake, New Zealand

A Case Study of Multidisciplinary Surface Faulting Assessment in the Urbanized Fucino Basin, Italy

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