Conditional moment closure modelling of soot formation in turbulent, non-premixed methane and propane flames

Woolley, Robert; Fairweather, Michael; Yunardi,

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2008.10.005

Cited by 36 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…Considering only methane for the fuel stream can underestimate the soot generated in the flame, since this hydrocarbon has the tendency to produce low levels of soot (Richter and Howard, 2000;Woolley et al, 2009). The Nagle-StricklandConstable model for soot oxidation was used for R ox in Eq.…”

Section: Emission Rates Of Primary Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soot and SO2 contribution to the supersites in the MILAGRO campaign from elevated flares in the Tula Refinery

Almanza¹,

Molina

Sosa³

2012

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. This work presents a simulation of the plume trajectory emitted by flaring activities of the Miguel Hidalgo Refinery in Mexico. The flame of a representative sour gas flare is modeled with a CFD combustion code in order to estimate emission rates of combustion by-products of interest for air quality: acetylene, ethylene, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, soot and sulfur dioxide. The emission rates of NO 2 and SO 2 were compared with measurements obtained at Tula as part of MILAGRO field campaign. The rates of soot, VOCs and CO emissions were compared with estimates obtained by Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo (IMP). The emission rates of these species were further included in WRF-Chem model to simulate the chemical transport of the plume from 22 to 27 March of 2006. The model presents reliable performance of the resolved meteorology, with respect to the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), mean bias (BIAS), vector RMSE and Index of Agreement (IOA).WRF-Chem outputs of SO 2 and soot were compared with surface measurements obtained at the three supersites of MI-LAGRO campaign. The results suggest a contribution of Tula flaring activities to the total SO 2 levels of 18 % to 27 % at the urban supersite (T0), and of 10 % to 18 % at the suburban supersite (T1). For soot, the model predicts low contribution at the three supersites, with less than 0.1 % at three supersites. According to the model, the greatest contribution of both pollutants to the three supersites occurred on 23 March, which coincides with the third cold surge event reported during the campaign.

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Section: Emission Rates Of Primary Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soot and SO2 contribution to the supersites in the MILAGRO campaign from elevated flares in the Tula Refinery

Almanza¹,

Molina

Sosa³

2012

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…The rate of soot oxidation by OH is given by k OH ¼ 1:27 Â 10 À3 = ffiffiffi T p m À2 s À1 and the collision factor is assumed to be 0.08. Finally, the number of carbon atoms in the incipient soot particle, NC min , is taken as being equal to 60 and the agglomeration rate, C a , is taken as being equal to 3 [50].…”

Section: Flow Field Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of turbulence–radiation interactions in laboratory-scale methane pool fires

Consalvi

2012

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

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“…Considering only methane for the fuel stream can underestimate the soot generated in the flame, since this hydrocarbon has the tendency to produce low levels of soot (Richter and Howard, 2000;Woolley et al, 2009). The Nagle-Strickland-Constable model for soot oxidation was used for R ox in Eq.…”

Section: Emission Rates Of Primary Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soot and SO2 contribution to the supersites in the MILAGRO campaign from elevated flares in the Tula Refinery

Almanza¹,

Molina²,

Sosa³

2012

Preprint

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Abstract. This work presents a simulation of the plume emitted by flaring activities of the Miguel Hidalgo Refinery in Mexico. The flame of a representative sour gas flare is modeled with a CFD combustion code in order to estimate emission rates of combustion by-products of interest for air-quality: acetylene, ethylene, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, soot and sulfur dioxide. The emission rates of NO2 and SO2 were compared against measurements obtained at Tula as part of MILAGRO field campaign. The rates of soot, VOCs and CO were compared with estimates obtained by IMP. The emission rates of the species considered were further included in WRF-Chem model to simulate the chemical transport of the plume from 22 March to 27 March of 2006. The model presents reliable performance of the resolved meteorology, with respect to the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), vector RMSE and Index of Agreement (IOA). WRF-Chem outputs of SO2 and soot were compared with surface measurements obtained at the three supersites of MILAGRO campaign. The results suggest a contribution of Tula flaring activities to the total SO2 levels of 23% to 37% at the urban supersite (T0), and of 29% to 39% at the suburban supersite (T1). For soot, the model predicts low contribution at the three supersites, with less than 1% at both T0 and T1; and about 1% at T2. According to the model, the greatest contribution of both pollutants to the three supersites occurred on 23 March, which coincides with the third cold surge event.

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Conditional moment closure modelling of soot formation in turbulent, non-premixed methane and propane flames

Cited by 36 publications

References 51 publications

Soot and SO<sub>2</sub> contribution to the supersites in the MILAGRO campaign from elevated flares in the Tula Refinery

Soot and SO<sub>2</sub> contribution to the supersites in the MILAGRO campaign from elevated flares in the Tula Refinery

Influence of turbulence–radiation interactions in laboratory-scale methane pool fires

Soot and SO<sub>2</sub> contribution to the supersites in the MILAGRO campaign from elevated flares in the Tula Refinery

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Conditional moment closure modelling of soot formation in turbulent, non-premixed methane and propane flames

Cited by 36 publications

References 51 publications

Soot and SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; contribution to the supersites in the MILAGRO campaign from elevated flares in the Tula Refinery

Soot and SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; contribution to the supersites in the MILAGRO campaign from elevated flares in the Tula Refinery

Influence of turbulence–radiation interactions in laboratory-scale methane pool fires

Soot and SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; contribution to the supersites in the MILAGRO campaign from elevated flares in the Tula Refinery

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Soot and SO<sub>2</sub> contribution to the supersites in the MILAGRO campaign from elevated flares in the Tula Refinery

Soot and SO<sub>2</sub> contribution to the supersites in the MILAGRO campaign from elevated flares in the Tula Refinery

Soot and SO<sub>2</sub> contribution to the supersites in the MILAGRO campaign from elevated flares in the Tula Refinery