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The development of technogenic and natural processes in foundations of hydraulic structures is largely due to a change in their hydraulic stress--strain state. Here the most important component is the natural stress state of the masses, which is almost never taken into account in designs [1]. However, numerous and diverse investigations of the state and properties of the rock masses as well as an analysis of the experience of constructing and operating surface and underground hydropower structures located within their limits have revealed the considerable effect of this factor both on the behavior and stability of rock foundations and on design calculations for substantiating the reliability and required safety of operating the structures themselves. The latest data show that the structure of the stress fields and their dependence on natural and technogenic factors are more complicated than was thought earlier. A study of the regularities of the spatial and temporal variability of stress fields at various scale levels both for the natural state of the mass (i.e., before the start of constructing the structures) and for the mass during mining and construction works as well as during operation of the structures and reservoirs can have both a qualitative and quantitative character. In the first case the general characteristics and regularities of a change in the stress field in time and space are investigated, in the second a quantitative determination of the components of the stress vector is carried out.The complex structure and incompletely clear processes of formation of the stress fields hinder their evaluation and require the combined used of methods most suitable for particular geologic conditions [1]. At present rather considerable practical experience has been gained in studying the stress--strain state of rock masses, which are the environment and foundation of hydraulic structures. A comparison of the results of comprehensive studies gives grounds to speak about the existence of certain regularities in the manifestation of current stresses through certain fixed or dynamic characteristics both of the natural geologic environment and of the natural--technogenic system. Such characteristics, called indicators, make it possible at any stage of surveys, construction, or operation of the structure to obtain an idea about the general or particular character of existing stresses in the mass as a whole or in its individual structural elements.It is obvious that quantitative measurements of stresses existing in the mass are top-priority for design studies; however, a qualitative characterization of its stress--strain state obtained on the basis of indirect investigations and analysis of indirect indicators also has great practical significance. This is important at the survey and construction stages for optimal selection of the sites of taking expensive quantitative measurements and correcting design decisions, and in the operating stage it is an essential supplement to geodynamic monitoring [7], especially when in...
The development of technogenic and natural processes in foundations of hydraulic structures is largely due to a change in their hydraulic stress--strain state. Here the most important component is the natural stress state of the masses, which is almost never taken into account in designs [1]. However, numerous and diverse investigations of the state and properties of the rock masses as well as an analysis of the experience of constructing and operating surface and underground hydropower structures located within their limits have revealed the considerable effect of this factor both on the behavior and stability of rock foundations and on design calculations for substantiating the reliability and required safety of operating the structures themselves. The latest data show that the structure of the stress fields and their dependence on natural and technogenic factors are more complicated than was thought earlier. A study of the regularities of the spatial and temporal variability of stress fields at various scale levels both for the natural state of the mass (i.e., before the start of constructing the structures) and for the mass during mining and construction works as well as during operation of the structures and reservoirs can have both a qualitative and quantitative character. In the first case the general characteristics and regularities of a change in the stress field in time and space are investigated, in the second a quantitative determination of the components of the stress vector is carried out.The complex structure and incompletely clear processes of formation of the stress fields hinder their evaluation and require the combined used of methods most suitable for particular geologic conditions [1]. At present rather considerable practical experience has been gained in studying the stress--strain state of rock masses, which are the environment and foundation of hydraulic structures. A comparison of the results of comprehensive studies gives grounds to speak about the existence of certain regularities in the manifestation of current stresses through certain fixed or dynamic characteristics both of the natural geologic environment and of the natural--technogenic system. Such characteristics, called indicators, make it possible at any stage of surveys, construction, or operation of the structure to obtain an idea about the general or particular character of existing stresses in the mass as a whole or in its individual structural elements.It is obvious that quantitative measurements of stresses existing in the mass are top-priority for design studies; however, a qualitative characterization of its stress--strain state obtained on the basis of indirect investigations and analysis of indirect indicators also has great practical significance. This is important at the survey and construction stages for optimal selection of the sites of taking expensive quantitative measurements and correcting design decisions, and in the operating stage it is an essential supplement to geodynamic monitoring [7], especially when in...
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