Condition-dependent signalling of genetic variation in stalk-eyed flies

David, Patrice; Bjorksten, Tracey A.; Fowler, Kevin; Pomiankowski, Andrew

doi:10.1038/35018079

Cited by 300 publications

(324 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Thus, we assume that a male's 'good genes' are 'revealed' in the trait and the female subjects use that information to select the best male. This assumption is supported by the literature on 'good genes' effects in sexual selection (M ller and Alatalo, 1999) and by the demonstration that sexual traits can reveal genetic quality (David et al, 2000;Hale et al, ms). It is also consistent with other sexual selection models (Kokko et al, 2002).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 66%

Sexual selection and the evolution of evolvability

Petrie

Roberts

2006

Heredity

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Here we show that sexual selection can have an effect on the rate of mutation. We simulated the fate of a genetic modifier of the mutation rate in a sexual population with and without sexual selection (modelled using a female choice mechanism). Female choice for 'good genes' should reduce variability among male subjects, leaving insufficient differences to maintain female preferences. However, female choice can actually increase genetic variability by supporting a higher mutation rate in sexually selected traits. Increasing the mutation rate will be selected against because of the resulting decline in mean fitness. However, it also increases the probability of rare beneficial mutations arising, and mating skew caused by female preferences for male subjects carrying those beneficials with few deleterious mutations ('good genes') can lead to a mutation rate above that expected under natural selection. A choice of two male subjects was sufficient for there to be a twofold increase in the mutation rate as opposed to a decrease found under random mating.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 66%

Sexual selection and the evolution of evolvability

Petrie

Roberts

2006

Heredity

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“…This includes traits that are subject to precopulatory male–male competition (e.g., Emlen 1994) and female choice (e.g., David et al. 2000) as well as traits that are selected by postcopulatory episodes of selection such as testis size (Schulte‐Hostedde et al. 2005), sperm production rate (O'Dea et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Condition dependence of male and female reproductive success: insights from a simultaneous hermaphrodite

Janicke

Chapuis

2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Sexually selected traits are predicted to show condition dependence by capturing the genetic quality of its bearer. In separate‐sexed organisms, this will ultimately translate into condition dependence of reproductive success of the sex that experiences sexual selection, which is typically the male. Such condition dependence of reproductive success is predicted to be higher in males than females under conditions promoting intense sexual selection. For simultaneous hermaphrodites, however, sex allocation theory predicts that individuals in poor condition channel relatively more resources into the male sex function at the expense of the female function. Thus, male reproductive success is expected to be less condition dependent than female reproductive success. We subjected individuals of the simultaneously hermaphroditic snail Physa acuta to two feeding treatments to test for condition dependence of male and female reproductive success under varying levels of male–male competition. Condition dependence was found for female, but not for male, reproductive success, meaning that selection on condition is relatively stronger through the female sex function. This effect was consistent over both male–male competition treatments. Decomposition of male and female reproductive performance revealed that individuals in poor condition copulated more in their male role, indicating an increased male allocation to mate acquisition. These findings suggest that sex‐specific condition dependence of reproductive success is at least partially driven by condition‐dependent sex allocation. We discuss the implications of condition‐dependent sex allocation for the evolution of sexually selected traits in simultaneous hermaphrodites.

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“…Sexual dimorphism in eye-stalks varies across species (Burkhardt & de la Motte 1985;Wilkinson & Dodson 1997) and is probably due to sexual selection: males use eye span to assess rivals in combat (Panhuis & Wilkinson 1999), and females prefer to mate with males that have long eye span relative to body length (Burkhardt & de la Motte 1988;Wilkinson et al 1998a;Hingle et al 2001). The ratio of eye span to body size (relative eye span) exhibits condition dependence (David et al 2000). The allometric relationship between male eye span and body length has increased in highly dimorphic diopsid species (Wilkinson & Taper 1999;Baker & Wilkinson 2001), which allows eye span to indicate body size better than body size itself, assuming both are measured with comparable accuracy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic linkage between a sexually selected trait and X chromosome meiotic drive

2005

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Previous studies on the stalk-eyed fly, Cyrtodiopsis dalmanni, have shown that males with long eye-stalks win contests and are preferred by females, and artificial selection on male relative eye span alters brood sexratios. Subsequent theory proposes that X-linked meiotic drive can catalyse the evolution of mate preferences when drive is linked to ornament genes. Here we test this prediction by mapping meiotic drive and quantitative trait loci (QTL) for eye span. To map QTL we genotyped 24 microsatellite loci using 1228 F2 flies from two crosses between lines selected for long or short eye span. The crosses differed by presence or absence of a drive X chromosome, X D , in the parental male. Linkage analysis reveals that X D dramatically reduces recombination between X and X D chromosomes. In the X D cross, half of the F2 males carried the drive haplotype, produced partially elongated spermatids and female-biased broods, and had shorter eye span. The largest QTL mapped 1.3 cM from drive on the X chromosome and explained 36% of the variation in male eye span while another QTL mapped to an autosomal region that suppresses drive. These results indicate that selfish genetic elements that distort the sex-ratio can influence the evolution of exaggerated traits.

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Condition-dependent signalling of genetic variation in stalk-eyed flies

Cited by 300 publications

References 15 publications

Sexual selection and the evolution of evolvability

Sexual selection and the evolution of evolvability

Condition dependence of male and female reproductive success: insights from a simultaneous hermaphrodite

Genetic linkage between a sexually selected trait and X chromosome meiotic drive

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