Condensin action and compaction

Paul, Matthew R.; Hochwagen, Andreas; Ercan, Sevinç

doi:10.1007/s00294-018-0899-4

Cited by 34 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 123 publications

(137 reference statements)

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“…The models, which also assume that MukBEF loads randomly on all chromosomal regions, explain how MukBEF clusters colocalize with the replication origin region (oriC) in wild-type cells, while MukBEF clusters localize equally with all genetic regions tested in MatP − cells. (Kakui and Uhlmann 2018;Wani et al 2018;Paul et al 2019;Yatskevich et al 2019) Is the MukBEF-organized E. coli chromosome placed randomly within a cell? Early imaging studies showed that in new-born E. coli cells that have not initiated replication, the left and right replichores are organized into separate cell halves, while oriC is at midcell (Wang et al 2006).…”

Section: Chromosome Organization In E Coli and Other Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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SMC complexes organize the bacterial chromosome by lengthwise compaction

Mäkelä

Sherratt

2020

Curr Genet

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Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complexes are ancient and conserved molecular machines that organize chromosomes in all domains of life. We propose that the principles of chromosome folding needed to accommodate DNA inside a cell in an accessible form will follow similar principles in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. However, the exact contributions of SMC complexes to bacterial chromosome organization have been elusive. Recently, it was shown that the SMC homolog, MukBEF, organizes and individualizes the Escherichia coli chromosome by forming a filamentous axial core from which DNA loops emanate, similar to the action of condensin in mitotic chromosome formation. MukBEF action, along with its interaction with the partner protein, MatP, also facilitates chromosome individualization by directing opposite chromosome arms (replichores) to different cell halves. This contrasts with the situation in many other bacteria, where SMC complexes organise chromosomes in a way that the opposite replichores are aligned along the long axis of the cell. We highlight the similarities and differences of SMC complex contributions to chromosome organization in bacteria and eukaryotes, and summarize the current mechanistic understanding of the processes.

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Section: Chromosome Organization In E Coli and Other Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Distant relations to the SMC complexes above are Rad50 and RecN, involved in repair of double-strand DNA breaks (not shown). For further details see (Kakui and Uhlmann 2018 ; Wani et al 2018 ; Paul et al 2019 ; Yatskevich et al 2019 ) …”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

SMC complexes organize the bacterial chromosome by lengthwise compaction

Mäkelä

Sherratt

2020

Curr Genet

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“…The canonical role of condensin is as a molecular motor that extrudes DNA loops thereby organising chromosome architecture during mitotic chromosome compaction [71]. Given that condensin has this ability to rearrange chromosome topologies, it is feasible that the action of Cap-G in neurons could be to remodel 3D chromatin structure for optimal gene expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Condensin I subunit Cap-G is essential for proper gene expression during the maturation of post-mitotic neurons

Hassan

Rodriguez

Heidmann

et al. 2020

Preprint

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AbstractThe condensin complex is essential for mitotic chromosome assembly and segregation during cell divisions, however, little is known about its function in post-mitotic, differentiated cells. Here we report a novel role for the condensin I subunit Cap-G in Drosophila neurons. We show that, despite not requiring condensin for mitotic chromosome compaction, post-mitotic neurons express Cap-G and that knockdown of Cap-G specifically in neurons (from their birth onwards) results in developmental arrest, behavioural defects, and dramatic gene expression changes. These include reduced expression of a subset of neuronal genes and aberrant expression of genes that are not normally expressed in the developing brain. Knockdown of Cap-G in more mature neurons also results in similar phenotypes but to a lesser degree. Furthermore, we see dynamic binding of Cap-G to chromatin at distinct loci in neural stem cells and differentiated neurons. Therefore, Cap-G is essential for proper gene expression in neurons and plays an important role during the early stages of neuronal development.

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“…A similar condensinmediated tuning of histone modifications on mitotic chromosomes may be important for proper inheritance of transcriptional programs after cell division. Future work on how the DCC modulates histone modifications and transcriptional activity of gene regulatory elements will be important to cross-reveal mechanisms by which condensin-mediated organization of mitotic chromosomes affect gene regulation across cell division [4].…”

Section: The First Question This Model Raises Is How the DCC Targets mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Condensins are required for chromosome condensation and segregation in all eukaryotes [3]. Condensins are also important for genome organization and have been implicated in gene regulation during interphase [4]. Genome-wide binding experiments indicate that condensins bind to a subset of gene regulatory elements including promoters, enhancers, tRNA genes, and topologically associated domain (TAD) boundaries [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binding of an X-specific condensin correlates with a reduction in active histone modifications at gene regulatory elements

Street

Morao

Winterkorn

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Condensins are evolutionarily conserved protein complexes that are required for chromosome segregation during cell division and genome organization during interphase. In C. elegans, a specialized condensin, which forms the core of the dosage compensation complex (DCC) binds to and represses X chromosome transcription. Here, we analyzed DCC localization and effect of DCC depletion and binding on histone modifications, transcription factor binding, and gene expression using ChIP-seq and mRNA-seq. Across the X, DCC binding coincides with gene regulatory sites at active chromatin and not heterochromatin. DCC is required for reducing the levels of active histone modifications, including H3K4me3 and H3K27ac, but not repressive modification H3K9me3 on the X. In X-to-autosome fusion chromosomes, DCC spreading into the autosomal sequences locally reduces the level of H3K4me3 and gene expression. Together, our results suggest that DCC fine-tunes X chromosomal transcription by binding to and modulating the activity of gene regulatory elements through reducing activating histone modifications.

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Condensin action and compaction

Cited by 34 publications

References 123 publications

SMC complexes organize the bacterial chromosome by lengthwise compaction

SMC complexes organize the bacterial chromosome by lengthwise compaction

Condensin I subunit Cap-G is essential for proper gene expression during the maturation of post-mitotic neurons

Binding of an X-specific condensin correlates with a reduction in active histone modifications at gene regulatory elements

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