Condensed Tannins Are Only Partially Responsible for Variations in Nutrient Digestibilities of Sorghum Grain Cultivars

Elkin, Robert G.; Freed, Marisue; Hamaker, Bruce R.; Zhang, Ye; Parsons, C. M.

doi:10.1021/jf950489t

Cited by 74 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…As a consequence, our contention is that the anti-nutritive properties of phenolic compounds are not the sole domain of CT and to some extent are shared by the balance of polyphenols and phenolic acids found in grain sorghum. Instructively, Elkin, et al [65] concluded that condensed tannin is only partially responsible for variations in the nutrient quality. Also, phenolic compounds and phytate appear to share several anti-nutritive properties [11].…”

Section: "Non-tannin" Polyphenolic Compounds and Phenolic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain Sorghum: A Conundrum for Chicken-Meat Production

et al. 2015

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Abstract:The inclusion of grain sorghum in diets for broiler chickens is quite common; however, under Australian conditions, the utilisation of starch/energy by birds offered sorghum-based diets appears inadequate. Various factors inherent in sorghum, including kafirin, phenolic compounds and phytate, may limit energy utilisation. The recent quantification of kafirin, the dominant protein fraction in sorghum, has allowed its nutritional significance to be assessed. This is important as indirect evidence suggests that kafirin concentrations in local sorghums are increasing as an unintended consequence of breeding programs. Presently, Australian sorghums do not contain condensed tannin but, from analyses and assessments of other polyphenolic compounds and phenolic acids, "non-tannin" phenols appear to be negative influences. Anecdotally, white sorghums are considered to be superior to red varieties thus the fact that polyphenolic pigments are responsible for the "redness" of sorghum assumes relevance. Inclusions of sulphite reducing agents in broiler diets have generated promising responses but seem dependent on sorghum properties. Preliminary studies have shown the possibilities of using rapid visco-analyser (RVA) starch pasting OPEN ACCESSAgriculture 2015, 5 1225 profiles, promatest protein solubilities and grain textures to indicate sorghum quality and further studies are required to confirm these hypotheses. These assessments may indicate which sorghums will best respond to reducing agents such as sodium metabisulphite. Finally, the usually modest responses of broilers to exogenous feed enzyme inclusions in sorghum-based are considered in this review.

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Section: "Non-tannin" Polyphenolic Compounds and Phenolic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain Sorghum: A Conundrum for Chicken-Meat Production

et al. 2015

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“…-E-mail: laurence.lamothe@toulouse.inra.fr Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) had not been used in poultry feeding for many years because its grain contains tannins, which reduce its digestibility and thus the performance of birds (Elkin et al, 1996;Nyachoti et al, 1997). However, today, several sorghum varieties are tannin-free and could be used in bird feeding (Gualtieri and Rapaccini, 1990;Selle et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of feeding sorghum on the growth, gizzard development and carcass traits of growing geese

Arroyo

Auvergne

Dubois³

et al. 2012

animal

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The aim of this trial was to study the influence of feed form on the performance, gizzard development and carcass traits of growing geese. Between 42 and 98 days of age, 360 geese (type Maxipalm R ) were fed a diet containing 500 g sorghum/kg (nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy 12.6 MJ/kg, 15.1 g/kg CP). Birds were divided into three groups differing in feed form: complete pellets (Control group, n 5 120); a coarse-ground meal (CG group, n 5 120); or a mixture containing protein-rich pellets and sorghum whole grains (M group, n 5 120). Feed intake per pen (40 birds/pen) was measured weekly between 42 and 98 days of age, and individual live weight (LW) was measured every 2 weeks. At 84 and 98 days of age, 12 birds were slaughtered in each group to measure the gizzard development and body traits. Irrespective of the goose sex, LW at 98 days was lower for the CG group than for the Control group (5555 v. 5888 g, P , 0.05 for males and 5039 v. 5215 g, P , 0.05 for females). The feed intake over the entire period was 5.5% higher in the M group (P , 0.05) than in the Control and CG groups but the feed conversion ratio (6.91, P . 0.05) was similar in the three groups. The gizzard development (as % of LW) was higher in birds of the CG group than those of the Control and M groups at 84 days of age (113.98% and 113.51%, respectively; P , 0.05) but was similar in all three groups at 98 days of age (4.01%, P . 0.05). The relative liver development was lower in the birds of the CG group than those of the other two groups at 84 and 98 days of age (220%, P , 0.001 and 210%, P , 0.05, respectively). The other body traits were similar in the three groups at both 84 and 98 days of age. The present results suggest that a simplified diet presented in the form of a mixture of sorghum whole grains and protein-rich pellets did not reduce the performance of growing geese.

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“…It is also used with plant proteins [11,16]. But, porcine pepsin (composed mainly of pepsin A) is used whatever the species despite some studies have shown that pepsins from different species show different enzymatic properties [3,22,28].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of pig and chicken pepsins for protein hydrolysis

Crévieu-Gabriel¹,

Gomez²,

Caffin³

et al. 1999

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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-The aim of the present study was to compare the degree of proteolysis with pig (PP) and chicken (CP) pepsins in order to find out whether PP can be used instead of CP to simulate gastric hydrolysis in the chicken. First, the pH activity profile of the two pepsins was compared using three substrates. For haemoglobin, CP showed a slightly higher optimal pH than PP, 2.5-3 and 2, respectively. For two plant protein sources (peas, wheat), the optimal pH was similar for the two enzymes, about pH 1.5. For the three substrates tested, CP exhibited a high level of activity over a broader pH range than PP. Second, the susceptibility of the two plant proteins to hydrolysis by each of the two pepsins was studied at pH levels near the chicken gastric pH (1.5-3.5). For PP, pea proteins were hydrolysed more than wheat ones, while, for CP, the hydrolysis was dependent on pH. Therefore (1,5). Alors qu'avec la PP les protéines de pois ont été mieux hydrolysées que celles du blé, dans le cas de la CP le résultat dépend du pH. La classification des deux sources de protéines étudiées dépend donc de l'origine animale de

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Condensed Tannins Are Only Partially Responsible for Variations in Nutrient Digestibilities of Sorghum Grain Cultivars

Cited by 74 publications

References 23 publications

Grain Sorghum: A Conundrum for Chicken-Meat Production

Grain Sorghum: A Conundrum for Chicken-Meat Production

Influence of feeding sorghum on the growth, gizzard development and carcass traits of growing geese

Comparison of pig and chicken pepsins for protein hydrolysis

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