Condensation Studies of Saturated Nitrogen Vapors

Laminar film condensation heat transfer of hydrogen and nitrogen inside a vertical tube

“…In Fig. 6, the experimental data of Leonard [2] show good agreement with the theoretical data and the data of Ewald [3] tend to show a trend lower than the theoretical data near the subcooling value of 1 to 3 K whereas the data of Haselden [1] are generally higher than the theoretical data. Figure 7 compares the mean condensing heat transfer coefficients [data of Fig.…”

“…Figure 5(b) plots the mean condensing heat transfer coefficients calculated from the saturated vapor temperatures directly measured at the reboiler top. Figure 6 shows the mean condensing heat transfer coefficients experimentally obtained by Haselden [1], Leonard [2], and Ewald [3]. The solid lines in Figs.…”

“…When x = 0.75, 0.64% is converted to para-hydrogen in 1 hour when calculated from Eq. (2). If the quantity of liquid hydrogen in the reboiler is assumed to be 0.8 l, then the generated heat of conversion is 0.054 W. Also, because the ortho-hydrogen concentration decreases during the experiment, the generated heat of conversion also changes.…”

“…(4) based on the experimental data. Also, because the experimental data of Leonard [2] and Ewald [3] remain unpublished, the authors calculations from Eq. (4) based on the experimental data of Haselden [1] for nitrogen and hydrogen are also shown in Fig.…”