Condensation Particle Counters

Cheng, Yung‐Sung

doi:10.1002/9781118001684.ch17

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In the ideal circumstance that nanoparticles are distributed as a single layer on a flat surface, it is possible to use angle-resolved XPS to obtain information about particle size, size distribution and separation [232]. It is also possible to examine the presence and even thickness of coatings [233], including corrosion or oxidation layers (these can be considered coreshell type particles) [234]. For this type of analysis, sample preparation, the mounting method and the nature of the substrate are important because particles may interact either chemically or respond physically to the nature of the substrate.…”

Section: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (Xps) Characterization Of Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

The production, characterization and applications of nanoparticles in the textile industry

et al. 2014

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Nanosized particles can exhibit unexpected properties different from those of the original bulk material. The basic premise is that properties can dramatically change when a substance's size is reduced to the nanometre range. The applications of nanoparticles, e.g. carbon black or some finishing agents in the textile industry, have a long tradition but are in fact not part of nanotechnology. A typical feature of nanotechnology in textiles is to use nanoparticles with some systematic arrangements. In this manuscript, the main features of nanotechnology are summarized. A core part is devoted to the description of the nanoparticle behaviour arising from their small dimensions. The problem of nanoparticle stabilization is denoted. Selected applications of nanoparticles in the textile field are reviewed.

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Section: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (Xps) Characterization Of Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

The production, characterization and applications of nanoparticles in the textile industry

et al. 2014

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“…CPCs have excelled at online particle counting, particularly in size regimes below 0.1 μm where direct optical techniques fail (Cheng 2011). The measurement principles of the WCPC are detailed elsewhere .…”

Section: The Wcpcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Error Analysis and Uncertainty in the Determination of Aerosol Optical Properties Using Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy, Integrating Nephelometry, and the Extinction-Minus-Scattering Method

Singh

Fiddler

Smith

et al. 2014

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Despite the substantial improvements in the measurements of aerosol physical and chemical properties and in the direct and indirect radiative effects of aerosols, there is still a need for studying the properties of aerosols under controlled laboratory conditions to develop a mechanistic and quantitative understanding of aerosol formation, chemistry, and dynamics. In this work, we present the factors that affect measurement accuracy and the resulting uncertainties of the extinction-minus-scattering method using a combination of cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) and integrating nephelometry at a wider range of optical wavelengths than previously attempted. Purely scattering polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres with diameters from 107-303 nm and absorbing polystyrene spheres (APSL) with 390 nm diameter were used to determine the consistency and agreement, within experimental uncertainties, of CRDS and nephelometer values with theoretical calculations derived from Mie theory for non-absorbing spheres. Overall uncertainties for extinction cross-section were largely 10%-11% and dominated by condensation particle counter (CPC) measurement error. Two methods for determining σ ext error are described, and they were found to produce equivalent results. Systematic uncertainties due to particle losses, RD cell geometry (R L ), CPC counting efficiency, ring-down regression fitting, blank drift, optical tweezing, and recapturing of forward scattered light are also investigated. The random error observed in this work for absorbing spheres is comparable to previous reported measurements. For both absorbing and non-absorbing spheres, a statistical framework is developed for including the contributions to random error due to CPC measurement uncertainty, R L , statistical fluctuations in

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“…Butanol (specifically, 1-butanol, also known as n -butanol) is the most common working fluid used in CPC-based measurements of atmospheric aerosol. 4 During such measurements, a significant amount of water vapor may enter the particle counter from the ambient atmosphere, and this may affect the measurement efficiency. For instance, it has been reported that for particles with diameter below 3.5 nm, the relative humidity (RH) of the particle flow affects the diameter of the smallest particle that can be detected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, when water is used as a working fluid, hygroscopic particles may have a lower detection limit than hydrophobic particles due to stronger interactions between the vapor molecules and the seed. 4 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous Nucleation of Butanol on NaCl: A Computational Study of Temperature, Humidity, Seed Charge, and Seed Size Effects

et al. 2021

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Using a combination of quantum chemistry and cluster size distribution dynamics, we study the heterogeneous nucleation of n -butanol and water onto sodium chloride (NaCl) 10 seeds at different butanol saturation ratios and relative humidities. We also investigate how the heterogeneous nucleation of butanol is affected by the seed size through comparing (NaCl) 5 , (NaCl) 10 , and (NaCl) 25 seeds and by seed electrical charge through comparing (Na 10 Cl 9 ) + , (NaCl) 10 , and (Na 9 Cl 10 ) − seeds. Butanol is a common working fluid for condensation particle counters used in atmospheric aerosol studies, and NaCl seeds are frequently used for calibration purposes and as model systems, for example, sea spray aerosol. In general, our simulations reproduce the experimentally observed trends for the NaCl–BuOH–H 2 O system, such as the increase of nucleation rate with relative humidity and with temperature (at constant supersaturation of butanol). Our results also provide molecular-level insights into the vapor–seed interactions driving the first steps of the heterogeneous nucleation process. The main purpose of this work is to show that theoretical studies can provide molecular understanding of initial steps of heterogeneous nucleation and that it is possible to find cost-effective yet accurate-enough combinations of methods for configurational sampling and energy evaluation to successfully model heterogeneous nucleation of multicomponent systems. In the future, we anticipate that such simulations can also be extended to chemically more complex seeds.

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Condensation Particle Counters

Cited by 13 publications

References 40 publications

The production, characterization and applications of nanoparticles in the textile industry

The production, characterization and applications of nanoparticles in the textile industry

Error Analysis and Uncertainty in the Determination of Aerosol Optical Properties Using Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy, Integrating Nephelometry, and the Extinction-Minus-Scattering Method

Heterogeneous Nucleation of Butanol on NaCl: A Computational Study of Temperature, Humidity, Seed Charge, and Seed Size Effects

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