Condensable and Gaseous Hydrocarbon Emissions and Their Speciation for a Real World SI Car Test

Andrews, Gordon E.; Ahamed, Fathia M.; Li, Hu

doi:10.4271/2007-01-0062

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

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“…Most of hydrocarbons in fuel are burnet completely during the combustion process. Small amounts of HCs, however, gets partial combustion, this produces different lower molecular HCs (in range of C1-C5) and some oxidized compounds such as aldehydes [13]. Aromatics in a fuel may survive the combustion process and could be more emitted through the exhaust as unburned HCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions Reduction of Regulated and Unregulated Hydrocarbon, Gases in Gasoline Bi-mode SI/HCCI Engine by TWC Converter

A¹

2016

J Appl Mech Eng

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A specific case of HCCI is gasoline fuelled HCCI. It is attractive due to the simplicity of implementing such a technology into existing SI engines as well as the existing fuelling infrastructure. Lean and highly diluted homogeneous charge compression ignition HCCI engines offer great potential in improving vehicle fuel economy and contribute in reducing CO 2 emissions. Gasoline is a complicated mixture of many different hydrocarbons which results in rather poor auto-ignition properties. Hydrocarbons and CO emissions from HCCI engines can be higher than those from spark ignition (SI) engines, especially at low engine load when the EGR rate or the residual gas required to control NOx emission are elevated. Toxic chemicals emitted by SI engines, Carbonyl compounds and poly aromatic hydrocarbons PAH generated by V6 (SI/HCCI) gasoline engine especially in HCCI mode. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of hydrocarbon compounds, alkenes. Alkanes, aromatics and aldehydes was analysed before and after catalyst, alkanes, alkenes and aromatic were conducted using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) apparatuses. Aldehydes were conducted using High Performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on reversed phase. HPLC system, although, bi-functional after treatment, the device will be required to control the regulated and unregulated hydrocarbon, CO, and NOx emissions under lean and stoichiometric (oxygen free) engine operating conditions. This paper describes studies on the regulated and unregulated hydrocarbons, NOx, and CO emissions coming out of HCC/SI gasoline engine. Comparative study of catalyst performance will be analysed under HCCI stoichiometric and SI operation under different engine loads, analysis indicate that, the HC and CO emissions reduction over the prototype catalyst was in the range of 90-95% while the maximum NO x emissions reduction under lean engine operating conditions was in the range of 35-55%. The catalytic converter showed an excellent efficiency of eliminating unregulated hydrocarbons (alkenes, alkanes, and aromatics) and aldehydes compounds; achieved reduction efficiency was up to 92%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions Reduction of Regulated and Unregulated Hydrocarbon, Gases in Gasoline Bi-mode SI/HCCI Engine by TWC Converter

A¹

2016

J Appl Mech Eng

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New Aspects to Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Policies for Low Carbon Cities

et al. 2016

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Methane (CH 4 ) is an important greenhouse gas emitted by vehicles. This study provides estimates of emissions of this important and often not well characterized greenhouse gas (GHG) emission related to transportation energy use. It aims to assist urban community planners and policymakers to prioritize and choose implementation strategies for low carbon cities. The paper focuses on emissions of CH 4 from vehicles. Unlike emissions of CO 2 , which are relatively easy to estimate, emissions of CH 4 are a function of many complex aspects of combustion dynamics and depend on the type of emission control systems used. In this context, they cannot be derived easily and instead must be determined through the use of published emission factors for each combination of fuel, end-use technology, combustion conditions, and emission control systems. Emissions of CH 4 play a significant role with regards to the relative CO 2 -equivalent GHG emissions of the use of alternative transportation fuels, in comparison with the use of conventional fuels. By analyzing a database based on literature review this study analyzes all the factors affecting the creation of CH 4 emissions from different vehicle types. Statistical analysis indicated "r" values ranging from 0.10 to 0.85 for all vehicles.

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Systematic Approach to Analyze and Characterize Pre-ignition Events in Turbocharged Direct-injected Gasoline Engines

Haenel¹,

Seyfried²,

Kleeberg³

et al. 2011

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Downsized direct-injected boosted gasoline engines with high specific power and torque output are leading the way to reduce fuel consumption in passenger car vehicles while maintaining the same performance when compared to applications with larger naturally aspirated engines. These downsized engines reach brake mean effective pressure levels which are in excess of 20 bar. When targeting high output levels at low engine speeds, undesired combustion events called pre-ignition can occur. These pre-ignition events are typically accompanied by very high cylinder peak pressures which can lead to severe damage if the engine is not designed to withstand these high cylinder pressures. Although these pre-ignition events have been reported by numerous other authors, it seems that their occurrence is rather erratic which makes it difficult to investigate or reliably exclude them. This paper describes a systematic engine dyno testing approach to force the engine into pre-ignition in order to study and characterize these events. A sensitivity study of various parameters shows that pre-ignition can occur repeatedly at the same load levels if boundary conditions are controlled sufficiently, meaning pre-ignition occurrence is less erratic than previously thought. Several hundred pre-ignition events have been recorded and analyzed in this study. A post-processing tool was developed and applied to analyze and characterize all recorded pre-ignition events. The knowledge gained out of these investigations will help to better understand the pre-ignition phenomena and what combustion development activities need to be applied in order to avoid or counteract pre-ignition during an engine development program or afterwards during customer usage in a passenger car.

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Condensable and Gaseous Hydrocarbon Emissions and Their Speciation for a Real World SI Car Test

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Emissions Reduction of Regulated and Unregulated Hydrocarbon, Gases in Gasoline Bi-mode SI/HCCI Engine by TWC Converter

Emissions Reduction of Regulated and Unregulated Hydrocarbon, Gases in Gasoline Bi-mode SI/HCCI Engine by TWC Converter

New Aspects to Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Policies for Low Carbon Cities

Systematic Approach to Analyze and Characterize Pre-ignition Events in Turbocharged Direct-injected Gasoline Engines

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