Concussion Incidence and Return-to-Play Time in National Basketball Association Players

Padaki, Ajay S.; Cole, Brian J.; Ahmad, Christopher S.

doi:10.1177/0363546516634679

Cited by 22 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…36 Nasal bone fractures were the most common type of facial fracture sustained by NBA players in our study, which supports previous literature, both at professional and recreational levels. 7,9,10,26,36 Orbital fractures were also commonly sustained by NBA players in our study, which supports previous findings that orbital fractures are more common in basketball than other sports. 13 We found 57 cases of facial fracture over 33 seasons, translating to an incidence of 1.727 facial fractures per NBA season; yet, the actual rate is likely higher due to study limitations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This statistic is likely underreported, given that in the 1980s/1990s concussions were poorly understood and routinely undocumented, and that the NBA did not enforce a formal, unified concussion policy before the 2011 to 2012 season. 26 The incidence of traumatic head injury in patients who suffer maxillofacial fracture ranges from 5.4% to 86% depending on mechanism of injury. 16 Although a recent study found that NBA player performance was unaffected in the initial five games following concussion, this finding is still notable in the context of the league.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Facial Fractures and the National Basketball Association: Epidemiology and Outcomes

et al. 2020

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Objectives/Hypothesis: To identify the epidemiology and impact of facial fractures on player performance and return to play (RTP) in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Study Design: Retrospective case-control series Methods: Fifty-three NBA players who sustained facial fractures between 1984 and 2018 were identified. Players with pre-and postinjury statistics were included in the performance analysis. A control group was matched by age, body mass index (BMI), position, NBA experience, and player efficiency rating. Fisher exact tests and Student t tests were performed to analyze player demographics and performance variables. Results: At the time of injury, the average player's age was 26.17 years, BMI was 24.80 kg/m 2 , and NBA experience was 4.97 years. Players missed an average of 3.77 games and 18.21 days prior to RTP. Forty-eight players (90.6%) did RTP the subsequent season, whereas 43 of those players (81.1%) met inclusion criteria for performance analysis. There was no significant change in performance between pre-and postinjury seasons. Players managed operatively missed significantly more games (8.15 vs. 1.85; P = .034) and days (51.08 vs. 5.53; P = .003) than players managed nonoperatively, whereas performance was not impacted. Average career length following facial fracture was significantly shorter compared to controls (5.14 vs. 6.42 years; P = .010) and a decrease in three-pointer percentage (P = .004) was observed. Conclusions: The majority of players who suffer facial fractures RTP in the NBA and do not experience significant decline in performance following injury. These results should aid physicians caring for basketball players at any level, and may help inform future guidelines for treatment and injury prevention.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial Fractures and the National Basketball Association: Epidemiology and Outcomes

et al. 2020

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“…Despite the current evidence that players do not demonstrate a postconcussion decline in performance, it should be emphasized that this conclusion is predicated on proper concussion diagnosis and management. Recently, Padaki et al [40] assessed the epidemiology of concussion in the NBA before and after the institution of the concussion policy. The number of games missed following concussions increased threefold According to Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test.…”

Section: Concussion Management In the Nbamentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance following a first professional concussion among National Basketball Association players

Yengo‐Kahn

Zuckerman

Stotts

et al. 2016

The Physician and Sportsmedicine

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“…5,48,50,53 In each of these professional leagues, authors have reported that the institution of league-wide, formalized concussion policies resulted in increases in concussion incidence. 26,37,50 However, in one of the relatively few investigations that has studied concussions in NBA players, Padaki et al 45 found that incidence was not statistically different following the institution of the NBACP but that RTP time had increased. In their study, the authors were limited by a relatively small sample size of years included, which they acknowledged.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Concussions in the National Basketball Association: Analysis of Incidence, Return to Play, and Performance From 1999 to 2018

Patel

Okoroha

Jildeh

et al. 2019

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background: The effect of concussions on professional athletes has been investigated in many sports. However, few studies have evaluated concussions in National Basketball Association (NBA) players. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that concussion incidence has increased, yet the return-to-play (RTP) rate will remain high following the institution of the NBA concussion policy (NBACP). We also hypothesized that the incidence of repeat concussions will be similar to first occurrences and that player performance and game availability will not be significantly affected by sustaining a concussion. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Publicly available records were searched to identify all concussions from NBA seasons 1999-2000 to 2017-2018. Player demographics and information regarding career history were tabulated. Incidence of concussion and RTP timing were evaluated before and after institution of the NBACP (2011). Minutes per game and game score per minute were evaluated pre- versus postconcussion. Player availability and performance were also compared with an age-, body mass index–, position-, and experience-matched control group of players who did not sustain a concussion. Results: A total of 189 concussions were reported in the NBA from 1999 to 2018, with a mean ± SD incidence of 9.7 ± 7.3 concussions per season. Following implementation of the NBACP, incidence significantly increased from 5.7 ± 2.8 to 16.7 ± 7.5 concussions per season ( P = .007). All players returned to play following first-time concussion after missing 7.7 ± 8.6 days and 3.5 ± 4.1 games. RTP time was not significantly different after implementation of the NBACP (games missed, P = .24; days missed, P = .27), and there was no difference in concussion-free time interval ( P = .29). Game score per minute and minutes per game were not significantly affected by sustaining a concussion (both P > .05). Conclusion: Concussion incidence in NBA players is approximately 17 instances per season since the 2011 institution of a league-wide concussion policy. The number of reported concussions significantly increased following the policy, in line with trends seen in other professional sports leagues. Players have retained a high rate of RTP after 3 to 4 missed games. Player performance and availability are not affected by sustaining a concussion following successful RTP.

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Concussion Incidence and Return-to-Play Time in National Basketball Association Players

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

Facial Fractures and the National Basketball Association: Epidemiology and Outcomes

Facial Fractures and the National Basketball Association: Epidemiology and Outcomes

Performance following a first professional concussion among National Basketball Association players

Concussions in the National Basketball Association: Analysis of Incidence, Return to Play, and Performance From 1999 to 2018

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