Concurrent Use of Alcohol and Cocaine: Differences in Patterns of Use and Problems Among Users of Crack Cocaine and Cocaine Powder

Gossop, Michael; Manning, Victoria; Ridge, Gayle

doi:10.1093/alcalc/agh260

Cited by 76 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…14 Regarding the order in which they were used, all the interviewees reported consuming alcohol after taking crack. According to Gossop et al, 9 this order would diminish the benefi ts of the association, since the vasoconstrictor effects of cocaine would decrease the absorption of the alcohol. Along general lines, the actions of alcohol seem to be mediated by the formation of cocaethylene, a metabolite of cocaine that is formed in the presence of alcohol.…”

Section: ) Drink Calms Me Down: So I Don't Think About Smoking Anymomentioning

confidence: 99%

Caracterização da cultura de crack na cidade de São Paulo: padrão de uso controlado

Oliveira

Nappo

2008

Rev. Saúde Pública

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OBJECTIVE:To characterize the situation regarding crack cocaine use in the city of São Paulo, along with the sociodemographic profi le of its users. METHODOLOGICAL PROCEDURES:Qualitative ethnographic study carried out with an intentional sample of crack cocaine users (n=45) and former users (n=17). The participants were recruited by means of the chain sampling method and they underwent a semi-structured interview guided by a questionnaire, in 2004 and 2005. The combination of each question and its respective responses gave rise to specifi c reports that were interpreted individually. ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS:The predominating profi le of the crack cocaine users was that they were single young men of low socioeconomic class and low schooling level, without formal employment ties. The pattern of use most frequently cited was compulsive, characterized by multiple drug use and carrying out illegal activities in exchange for crack cocaine or money. However, controlled use was also identifi ed. This consisted of non-daily use of crack cocaine mediated by individual factors that were developed intuitively by the user. Controlled use was similar in nature to the strategies adopted by former users to achieve a state of abstinence. CONCLUSIONS:The culture of crack cocaine use has undergone changes regarding the pattern of use. Although most users do so compulsively, the existence of controlled use was observed. This deserves to be investigated in more detail, particularly with regard to the strategies adopted to attain this.

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Section: ) Drink Calms Me Down: So I Don't Think About Smoking Anymomentioning

confidence: 99%

Caracterização da cultura de crack na cidade de São Paulo: padrão de uso controlado

Oliveira

Nappo

2008

Rev. Saúde Pública

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“…Patients who have co-occurring cocaine and alcohol dependence comprise a large proportion of the cocaine-addicted population (Gossop, Manning, & Ridge, 2006b), and suffer more adverse addiction-related consequences, have greater psychosocial problems, are inherently inconsistent at showing up for treatment visits, and have higher rates of recidivism than patients dependent only on cocaine or on alcohol (Brady, Sonne, Randall, Adinoff et al, 1995;Carroll, Rounsaville, & Bryant, 1993;Flannery, Morgenstern, McKay, Wechsberg et al, 2004;Heil, Badger, & Higgins, 2001;Mengis, Maude-Griffin, Delucchi, & Hall, 2002). Also, concurrent use of cocaine and alcohol produces cocaethylene (Gossop, Manning, & Ridge, 2006a;Harris, Everhart, Mendelson, & Jones, 2003), an active transesterified metabolite associated with more lethality than cocaine alone (Pennings, Leccese, & Wolff, 2002) and toxicity (Harris et al, 2003;Hearn, Rose, Wagner, Ciarleglio et al, 1991;Pennings, Leccese, & Wolff, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A double blind, placebo-controlled trial that combines disulfiram and naltrexone for treating co-occurring cocaine and alcohol dependence

Pettinati

Kampman

Lynch

et al. 2008

Addictive Behaviors

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BACKGROUND-This is a double blind, placebo-controlled trial that evaluated the efficacy of disulfiram, naltrexone and their combination in patients with co-occurring cocaine and alcohol dependence.METHODS-208 patients were randomized to disulfiram (250mg/day), naltrexone (100mg/day), the combination, or placebo for 11 weeks. Outcomes were in-trial abstinence from cocaine and/or alcohol.RESULTS-Few safety concerns were reported, although medication adherence was low in a number of patients for both medications, alone or in combination. In the primary analyses (GEE modeling), abstinence from cocaine as measured by cocaine-negative urines and days of self-reported abstinence from cocaine or alcohol did not differ between placebo and any of the medication groups. However, patients taking disulfiram (alone or in combination) were most likely to achieve combined abstinence from cocaine and alcohol. Secondary analyses revealed that patients taking the disulfiramnaltrexone combination were most likely to achieve 3 consecutive weeks of abstinence from cocaine and alcohol.CONCLUSION-There was an association between disulfiram treatment and abstinence from cocaine and alcohol. More patients taking the disulfiram-naltrexone combination achieved 3 consecutive weeks of abstinence in treatment than placebo-treated patients.

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“…No presente estudo, tal associação foi a mais referida pelos usuários, dado também encontrado no recente estudo nacional da FIOCRUZ (Bastos & Bertoni, 2014b). O uso de álcool entre usuários de crack ocorre principalmente no fi nal de um padrão de consumo compulsivo da droga, quando os mesmos se encontram exaustos pela falta de ingestão de alimentos, privação de sono e falta de cuidados pessoais (Chaves et al, 2011;Gossop, Manning, & Ridge, 2006;Ribeiro, Sanchez, & Nappo, 2010). O uso concomitante de álcool e crack pode reduzir os prejuízos imediatos pela interrupção do consumo de crack após um consumo compulsivo dessa substância.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Perfil de usuários de crack no município de Santos

et al. 2017

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ResumoO uso do crack é uma questão complexa, que exige inovações e articulações intersetoriais na proposição de políticas públicas efi cazes. Objetivo: descrever o perfi l dos usuários de crack do município de Santos/ SP. Método: estudo transversal e de abordagem quantitativa. Participaram 292 sujeitos, de ambos os sexos, com idade acima de dezoito anos. A amostra foi selecionada por meio da técnica da bola de neve. Utilizou-se para a coleta de dados uma versão adaptada do Addiction Severity Index. Resultados: O perfi l dos investigados indica maior prevalência de sujeitos do sexo masculino, solteiros, moradores de rua, com idade média de 35 anos, escolaridade média de 8 anos, problemas relacionados aos vínculos familiar e social, presença marcante de sintomas psicológicos e psiquiátricos, início de consumo de crack na vida adulta, poliusuários de substâncias psicoativas e sem histórico de tratamento. Conclusões: A constatação de tal perfi l sugere que as intervenções fundamentadas nas Estratégias de Redução de Danos feitas in loco, com objetivo educativo e preventivo, podem ser as formas mais adequadas de se conseguir inserção e reduzir os danos nesta população. Assim, tais achados podem auxiliar e fortalecer políticas públicas, tal como o consultório na rua, especialmente na área de álcool ou outras drogas.Palavras-chave: Cocaína-crack, transtornos relacionados ao uso de cocaína, características da população.

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Concurrent Use of Alcohol and Cocaine: Differences in Patterns of Use and Problems Among Users of Crack Cocaine and Cocaine Powder

Cited by 76 publications

References 32 publications

Caracterização da cultura de crack na cidade de São Paulo: padrão de uso controlado

Caracterização da cultura de crack na cidade de São Paulo: padrão de uso controlado

A double blind, placebo-controlled trial that combines disulfiram and naltrexone for treating co-occurring cocaine and alcohol dependence

Perfil de usuários de crack no município de Santos

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