Concurrent three-dimensional characterization of the refractive-index and residual-stress distributions in optical fibers

Hutsel, Michael R.; Gaylord, Thomas K.

doi:10.1364/ao.51.005442

Cited by 27 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…Similarly, the cladding side opposite the exposure appears to remain relatively unaffected. In contrast, the cladding side facing the exposure is clearly modulated and the magnitude and extent of RI change shown here (∼5 × 10 −4 RI units and ∼100 μm) is consistent with the results in [56], which adds validity to the proposed method since the results in [56] were based on a quantitative phase tomography technique [52], which has been used in a variety of fiber investigations [4,62]. The source of this cladding index modulation has been predicted to be glass densification caused by the relaxation of viscoelasticity frozen-in to the fiber during draw [63].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…In order to implement TDPM, all that is required, in addition to a commercial microscope with automated defocus control, is an external stage for object rotation. The configuration utilized in the present work is designed to implement tomography on optical fibers using an upright microscope (Olympus BX60) and has been described elsewhere [52,53]. In addition to this configuration, TDPM can immediately benefit from the groundwork laid for object rotation in similar fluorescent [30,31,34] and phase [24][25][26] methods.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three-dimensional quantitative phase imaging via tomographic deconvolution phase microscopy

Jenkins¹,

Gaylord²

2015

Appl. Opt.

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The field of three-dimensional quantitative phase imaging (3D QPI) is expanding rapidly with applications in biological, medical, and industrial research, development, diagnostics, and metrology. Much of this research has centered on developing optical diffraction tomography (ODT) for biomedical applications. In addition to technical difficulties associated with coherent noise, ODT is not congruous with optical microscopy utilizing partially coherent light, which is used in most biomedical laboratories. Thus, ODT solutions have, for the most part, been limited to customized optomechanical systems which would be relatively expensive to implement on a wide scale. In the present work, a new phase reconstruction method, called tomographic deconvolution phase microscopy (TDPM), is described which makes use of commercial microscopy hardware in realizing 3D QPI. TDPM is analogous to methods used in deconvolution microscopy which improve spatial resolution and 3D-localization accuracy of fluorescence micrographs by combining multiple through-focal scans which are deconvolved by the system point spread function. TDPM is based on the 3D weak object transfer function theory which is shown here to be capable of imaging "nonweak" phase objects with large phase excursions. TDPM requires no phase unwrapping and recovers the entire object spectrum via object rotation, mitigating the need to fill in the "missing cone" of spatial frequencies algorithmically as in limited-angle ODT. In the present work, TDPM is demonstrated using optical fibers, including single-mode, polarization-maintaining, and photonic-crystal fibers as well as an azimuthally varying CO2-laser-induced long-period fiber grating period as test phase objects.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional quantitative phase imaging via tomographic deconvolution phase microscopy

Jenkins¹,

Gaylord²

2015

Appl. Opt.

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“…Consequently, the reduction of the packing of the polymer chains likely occurs, resulting in the lowering refractivity. According to the recent reports, the degree of decreases in RIs by the present POSS fillers is large enough for the application of the optical fibers . Thus, our concept for the design of molecular fillers could be applicable in the practical materials.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational design of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane fillers for simultaneous improvements of thermomechanical properties and lowering refractive indices of polymer films

Jeon

Tanaka

Chujo

2013

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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We describe here the design and synthesis of the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)‐based dual‐functional molecular fillers for simultaneously lowering refractive indices and improving thermomechanical properties of conventional polymers. We prepared the composite films with poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene containing the series of the POSS derivatives with the single functional unit for interacting with polymer chains and heptacyclopentyl substituents for creating exclusive volumes around the POSS core. From the measurements of refractive indices of polymer composites, it was revealed that all POSS fillers can lower the refractive index of the films. In addition, thermal stabilities and mechanical properties were enhanced by adding POSS fillers. The filler effect on the thermal properties can be explained by the structural features of POSS: The highly symmetrical structure of the silica cube should suppress thermal motions, resulting in the large enhancement of thermomechanical properties of polymer matrices. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3583–3589

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“…Therefore, a lower density region should be efficiently created around the POSS filler, leading to the lowering effects on the refractive indices. According to previous reports, the degree of decrease in RIs, by the present POSS fillers, is large enough for applications in optical fibers [43,44]. Thus, our concept for the design of molecular fillers might be applicable in the practical light-guiding materials.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Fluoroalkyl POSS with Dual Functional Groups as a Molecular Filler for Lowering Refractive Indices and Improving Thermomechanical Properties of PMMA

2018

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The dual-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) derivatives, which have the seven fluorinated alkanes and the single acrylate ester on the silica cube, were designed as a filler for lowering the refractive index (RI) and improving thermomechanical properties in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The desired dual-functionalized POSS fillers were prepared, and because of its high miscibility, homogeneous films were readily obtained, by the casting method, with the mixture solutions containing the modified POSS and the polymers. From optical measurements, it was found that the larger effects of lowering the RIs of the PMMA matrices were observed from the modified POSS than those of the octa-substituted POSS derivatives with the homogeneous substituents. It should be mentioned that the degradation temperatures and the storage moduli were able to be greatly elevated by loading the present POSS fillers. Finally, it was demonstrated that the methacrylate ester-tethered POSS should be the most effective filler for modulating PMMA (Δn = −0.020, ΔTd20 = +53 °C, ΔE'/E' = +72%).

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Concurrent three-dimensional characterization of the refractive-index and residual-stress distributions in optical fibers

Cited by 27 publications

References 62 publications

Three-dimensional quantitative phase imaging via tomographic deconvolution phase microscopy

Three-dimensional quantitative phase imaging via tomographic deconvolution phase microscopy

Rational design of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane fillers for simultaneous improvements of thermomechanical properties and lowering refractive indices of polymer films

Fluoroalkyl POSS with Dual Functional Groups as a Molecular Filler for Lowering Refractive Indices and Improving Thermomechanical Properties of PMMA

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