Concurrent Summer Influenza and Pertussis Outbreaks in a Nursing Home in Sydney, Australia

Ferson, Mark J; Morgan, Keira R.; Robertson, Peter; Hampson, Alan W.; Carter, Ian; Rawlinson, William D.

doi:10.1086/502327

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…All outbreaks included in this review confirmed influenza virus as the causative organism of at least the first case of ILI in the facility, and additional cases with similar clinical presentation were then assumed to be caused by a related influenza virus. We acknowledge this may have resulted in the inclusion of cases caused by other co-circulating respiratory pathogens, as were identified in a few studies here 37,38 ; however, incorporating only laboratory-confirmed influenza cases would likely exclude influenza-infected individuals as diagnostic tests typically demonstrate sensitivities of less than 100% and have been shown to frequently misclassify elderly individuals. 39 Many articles described high levels of prophylactic vaccination and reported specific chemoprophylaxis for residents, which have demonstrated effectiveness in other studies, 17,20,21 but we are unaware of studies describing or evaluating the effectiveness of NPI across multiple influenza outbreaks in LTCFs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza outbreak control practices and the effectiveness of interventions in long‐term care facilities: a systematic review

Rainwater-Lovett

Chun

Lessler

2013

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Summary Background Evaluation of influenza control measures frequently focuses on the efficacy of chemoprophylaxis and vaccination while the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) receives less emphasis. While influenza control measures are frequently reported for individual outbreaks, there have been few efforts to characterize the real-world effectiveness of these interventions across outbreaks. Objectives To characterize influenza case and outbreak definitions and control measures reported by long-term care facilities (LTCFs) of elderly adults, and estimate the reduction in influenza-like illness (ILI) attack rates due to chemoprophylaxis and NPI. Methods We conducted a literature search in PubMed including English-language studies reporting influenza outbreaks among elderly individuals in LTCFs. A Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model estimated the effects of control measures on ILI attack rates. Results Of 654 articles identified in the literature review, 37 articles describing 60 influenza outbreaks met the inclusion criteria. Individuals in facilities where chemoprophylaxis was used were significantly less likely to develop influenza A or B than those in facilities with no interventions (odds ratio [OR] 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.84). Considered by drug class, adamantanes significantly reduced infection risk (OR 0.22, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.42) while neuraminidase inhibitors did not show a significant effect. Although NPI showed no significant effect, the results suggest that personal protective equipment may produce modest protective effects. Conclusions Our results indicate pharmaceutical control measures have the clearest reported protective effect in LTCFs. Non-pharmaceutical approaches may be useful; however, most data were from observational studies and standardized reporting or well-conducted clinical trials of NPI are needed to more precisely measure these effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza outbreak control practices and the effectiveness of interventions in long‐term care facilities: a systematic review

Rainwater-Lovett

Chun

Lessler

2013

Influenza Resp Viruses

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“…Pertussis outbreaks have been also reported in North America, Europe, and Australia (182,195,202,203,254,264,(435)(436)(437)(438). In contrast, few data are available from Latin American, Asian, and African countries compared with Europe and the United States (174,(439)(440)(441)(442)(443)(444)(445)(446).…”

Section: Control Measures For Pertussis Outbreaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pertussis: Microbiology, Disease, Treatment, and Prevention

et al. 2016

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SUMMARYPertussis is a severe respiratory infection caused byBordetella pertussis, and in 2008, pertussis was associated with an estimated 16 million cases and 195,000 deaths globally. Sizeable outbreaks of pertussis have been reported over the past 5 years, and disease reemergence has been the focus of international attention to develop a deeper understanding of pathogen virulence and genetic evolution ofB. pertussisstrains. During the past 20 years, the scientific community has recognized pertussis among adults as well as infants and children. Increased recognition that older children and adolescents are at risk for disease and may transmitB. pertussisto younger siblings has underscored the need to better understand the role of innate, humoral, and cell-mediated immunity, including the role of waning immunity. Although recognition of adult pertussis has increased in tandem with a better understanding ofB. pertussispathogenesis, pertussis in neonates and adults can manifest with atypical clinical presentations. Such disease patterns make pertussis recognition difficult and lead to delays in treatment. Ongoing research using newer tools for molecular analysis holds promise for improved understanding of pertussis epidemiology, bacterial pathogenesis, bioinformatics, and immunology. Together, these advances provide a foundation for the development of new-generation diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines.

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“…Influenza outbreaks have been regularly documented in long-term care facilities, including outbreaks of vaccine-matched influenza strains among highly vaccinated institutional populations. [202][203][204][205] Summer outbreaks of influenza also occur among elderly populations in long-term care facilities, [206][207][208] highlighting the year-round risk of transmission in institutionalized settings.…”

Section: Disease Burdenmentioning

confidence: 99%

2012/13 influenza vaccine effectiveness against hospitalised influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B: estimates from a European network of hospitals

Rondy¹,

Launay

Puig-Barberà

et al. 2015

Eurosurveillance

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Concurrent Summer Influenza and Pertussis Outbreaks in a Nursing Home in Sydney, Australia

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Influenza outbreak control practices and the effectiveness of interventions in long‐term care facilities: a systematic review

Influenza outbreak control practices and the effectiveness of interventions in long‐term care facilities: a systematic review

Pertussis: Microbiology, Disease, Treatment, and Prevention

2012/13 influenza vaccine effectiveness against hospitalised influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B: estimates from a European network of hospitals

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