Concurrent studies of the flow of digesta in the duodenum and of exocrine pancreatic secretion of calves

Abstract

I. The flow of digesta through the duodenum and the concurrent secretion of the pancreas were studied in four Friesian calves given four milk-substitute diets. The diets were: reconstituted, 'mildly' pre-heated, spray-dried skim-milk powder with (SKF) or without (SK) margarine fat or with 5 0 yo of the skim-milk powder in diet S K F replaced by soya-bean flour (ASKF) or fish-protein concentrate (BSKF), together with dried whey. The diets were given ad lib. twice daily from 13 to 37 d of age, each diet being given for 6 consecutive days. Collections of duodenal digesta and pancreatic secretions, from cannulas, were made for 12 h after feeding the 6th and 12th meals ('experimental' meals) for each diet.2. The diets fed as 'experimental' meals contained polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a fluid (whey) marker and goat's milk containing [*H]lysine as a marker for total protein; 8-carotene was added as a lipid marker to the three diets containing margarine fat.3. Over the 12 h postprandial period, the patterns of duodenal digesta flow and secretion of pancreatic fluid did not differ markedly between the four diets. The abomasal outflow of both nitrogen and lipid in a 12 h postprandial period was related to their intakes from the 'penultimate' (5th and 11th) meals for diets S K F and SK but to their intakes at the 'experimental meals' for diets ASKF and BSKF. Secretion of pancreatic enzyme activity was highest during the 1st hour after feeding but the main outflow from the abomasum of total N and lipid occurred 5-10 h after feeding.4. The time required for all the whey marker (PEG) to pass through the duodenum was similar for diets SKF and SK, but only 53 and 42 % respectively of the ingested protein marker passed through the duodenum in the 12 h after feeding. More acid appeared to be secreted by the abomasum when diet SK was given; also less undigested protein passed out of the abomasum after giving this diet. It is concluded that the physical absence of fat globules in the abomasal clot increases the degree of proteolysis. 5. The secretions of pancreatic fluid and pancreatic enzyme activity were all markedly lower for diet SK than for diet SKF.6. With diets containing non-milk proteins (ASKF and BSKF), abomasal proteolysis was less efficient and the ingested protein passed out of the abomasum more rapidly than for diet SKF. There was no difference in the rate of abomasal outflow of the whey fluids between diets SKF, ASKF and BSKF.7. In comparison with diet SKF, diets ASKF and BSKF tended to induce less pancreatic enzyme secretion over a 12 h postprandial period, with the exception of lipase.8. There appeared to be no direct relationship between the quantities of any of the pancreatic enzymes secreted during a postprandial period and either the concurrent flow of duodenal digesta or the total quantities of dietary constituents passing through the duodenum. J. H. TERNOUTH AND OTHERS I975Ternouth, Roy & Siddons (1974) showed that the composition of milk-substitute diets affected the secretion of pancreatic enzymes by calv...

Effect of duodenal cannulation on abomasal emptying and secretion in the preruminant calf.

“…Net secretary contributions to total abomasal digesta from gastric and salivary sources did not change greatly in calves aged between 30-60 and 80-120 d ( Table 2). This observation is consistent with estimates of apparent salivary and abomasal secretion measured at the duodenum of calves during 12 h after feeding whole milk reported by Ternouth, Roy & Shotton (1976). These workers found that total amounts of apparent secretion did not differ with age when related to whole milk intake.…”

Factors Affecting Susceptibility of Calves to Disease

“…Associated with the marked decrease in susceptibility to enteric infections as calves grow older (88,106) is an increase in gastric acid production and in digestibility of protein (174). However, differences exist between breeds in their susceptibility to enteric and respiratory infections.…”

“…Thus, the amount of colostral antibody that reaches the neonatal blood stream depends not only on management but also on genetic attributes of both mother and offspring (163). Breed differences in digestive efficiency of postcolostral diets (144) may be due to differences in amounts of digestive enzymes (174). A breed difference in susceptibility to rotavirus also has been suggested (2).…”

Problems of calf rearing in connection with their mortality and optimal growth: A review

“…Friesian and Jersey calves have been shown to have a higher efficiency of absorption of Ig than have Red Danish calves (Kruse, 1970) and Friesian × Ayrshire calves were more efficient than Ayrshires in absorbing Ig from Ayrshire colostrum (Seiman et al, 1971b) and Holsteins were more efficient than Ayrshires in absorbing total Ig from Holstein colostrum (Baumwart et al, 1977). Breed differences in efficiency of digestion of post-colostral diets (Roy et al, 1970) may be due to differences between breeds in the amounts of digestive enzymes (Ternouth et al, 1976). Associated with the marked decrease in susceptibility to enteric infections as calves grow older is an increase in gastric acid production and in digestibility of protein (Ternouth et al, 1976).…”

“…Breed differences in efficiency of digestion of post-colostral diets (Roy et al, 1970) may be due to differences between breeds in the amounts of digestive enzymes (Ternouth et al, 1976). Associated with the marked decrease in susceptibility to enteric infections as calves grow older is an increase in gastric acid production and in digestibility of protein (Ternouth et al, 1976).…”