“…The effectiveness of the prediction has been verified and validated from theoretical basis (Franzoni et al, 2019) and buckling test (Arbelo et al, 2015;Skukis et al, 2017;Shahgholian-Ghahfarokhi et al, 2019, respectively. At the same time, the method has also been extended to conical shells, stiffened shells and other shells (Shahgholian-Ghahfarokhi et al, 2020;Tian et al, 2020), combined load conditions (Tian et al, 2021) and variable stiffness composites (Tian et al, 2022), illustrating its advantages as a fast prediction method. However, to the best of the author's knowledge, there are very few VCT studies on combined thin-walled structures such as conical-cylindrical shells, and there is no relevant study on the application of NVCT to the prediction of axial buckling loads under thermal environments.…”