Concurrent liquid-chromatographic assay of retinol, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, lycopene, and beta-cryptoxanthin in plasma, with tocopherol acetate as internal standard.

Thurnham, David I.; Smith, E. Lester; Flora, P S

doi:10.1093/clinchem/34.2.377

Cited by 367 publications

(105 citation statements)

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“…Plasma zinc concentrations were determined colorimetrically using a commercial kit (Wako Chemicals, Nauss, Germany). Plasma retinol levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography using an assay procedure derived from that of Thurnham et al (1988). Plasma ACT levels were measured using a nephelometric assay on a Cobas Bio centrifugal analyser.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of month of vaccine administration on antibody responses in The Gambia and Pakistan

Moore

Collinson

Fulford

et al. 2006

Tropical Med Int Health

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Summaryobjective To explore the relationship between calendar month of administration and antibody (Ab) response to vaccination in subjects from The Gambia and Pakistan, two countries with distinct patterns of seasonality.methods Three cohorts were investigated: Responses to rabies and pneumococcal vaccine were assessed in 472 children (mean age 8 years, males 53%) from rural Gambia. Responses to tetanus, diphtheria and hepatitis B (HBsAg) were investigated in 138 infants also from The Gambia (birth to 52 weeks of age, males 54%). Responses to rabies and Vi typhoid vaccines were assessed in 257 adults from Lahore, Pakistan (mean age 29.4 years, males 57%).results In Gambian children, significant associations were observed between month of vaccination and Ab response for the pneumococcal and rabies vaccines. As no consistent pattern by month was observed between the responses, it is assumed that different immunomodulatory stimuli or mechanisms were involved. In Pakistani adults, a significant pattern by month of vaccination was observed with both rabies and typhoid vaccine. No monthly influences were observed in the infant study to the tetanus, diphtheria or the HbsAg vaccines.conclusions Antibody responses to certain specific vaccines are influenced by month of administration. Further research is required to elucidate the precise mechanisms explaining these observations, but a co-stimulatory effect of seasonally variable environmental antigens is a likely cause. Future studies of Ab response to vaccination in countries with a seasonally dependent environment should consider month of vaccination when interpreting study findings.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of month of vaccine administration on antibody responses in The Gambia and Pakistan

Moore

Collinson

Fulford

et al. 2006

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…Ascorbic acid was subsequently assayed by fluorimetry based on the condensation of dehydroascorbic acid with 1,2-phenylenediamine (Vuilleumier & Keck, 1993). Concentrations of α/γ-tocopherol, α/β-carotene, retinol, lycopene, zexanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and lutein were determined using an HPLC method (Catignani & Bieri, 1983;Thurnham et al 1988). The intra and interassay coefficients of variation were both <5%.…”

Section: Antioxidantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise-induced oxidative-nitrosative stress is associated with impaired dynamic cerebral autoregulation and blood-brain barrier leakage

Bailey

Evans

McEneny

et al. 2011

Experimental Physiology

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The present study examined whether dynamic cerebral autoregulation and blood-brain barrier function would become compromised as a result of exercise-induced oxidative-nitrosative stress. Eight healthy men were examined at rest and after an incremental bout of semi-recumbent cycling exercise to exhaustion. Changes in a dynamic cerebral autoregulation index were determined during recovery from continuous recordings of blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCAv) and mean arterial pressure during transiently induced hypotension. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and ozone-based chemiluminescence were employed for direct detection of spin-trapped free radicals and nitric oxide metabolites in venous blood. Neuron-specific enolase, S100β and 3-nitrotyrosine were determined by ELISA. While exercise did not alter MCAv, it caused a mild reduction in the autoregulation index (from 6.9 ± 0.6 to 5.5 ± 0.9 a.u., P < 0.05) that correlated directly against the exercise-induced increase in the ascorbate radical, 5-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N -oxide and N -tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone adducts, 3-nitrotyrosine and S100β (r = -0.66 to -0.76, P < 0.05). In contrast, no changes in neuron-specific enolase were observed. In conclusion, our findings suggest that intense exercise has the potential to increase blood-brain barrier permeability without causing structural brain damage subsequent to a free radical-mediated impairment in dynamic cerebral autoregulation.

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“…Vitamin E. Aliquots of the epidermis were stored at Ϫ80ЊC up to 4 weeks. After 20 h extraction of vitamin E (acetonitrile with 0.5 g/ L butylated hydroxytoluene as an antioxidant), analysis was performed using HPLC (21).…”

Section: Epidermal Levels Of Fatty Acids Lipid Peroxidation and Antimentioning

confidence: 99%

Topically Applied Eicosapentaenoic Acid Protects Against Local Immunosuppression Induced by UVB Irradiation, cis-Urocanic Acid and Thymidine Dinucleotides¶

Moison

Steenvoorden

Henegouwen

2007

Photochemistry and Photobiology

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UVB‐induced immunosuppression, a promoter of photocarcinogenesis, involves the formation of pyrimidine dimers and cis‐urocanic acid (cis‐UCA), but reactive oxygen species (ROS) also plays an important role. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) can inhibit photocarcinogenesis, but due to its polyunsaturated nature it is susceptible to oxidative damage by ROS. The antioxidant defense system may therefore be challenged upon ultraviolet‐B (UVB) irradiation in the presence of EPA. We investigated whether topically applied EPA in mice could protect against local immunosuppression (contact hypersensitivity response to dinitrofluorobenzene) induced by UVB radiation (1.5 J/cm2), or topically applied cis‐UCA (150 nmol/cm2) or thymidine dinucleotides (pTpT) (5 nmol/cm2). The influence of EPA on epidermal lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status was also measured. UVB irradiation, cis‐UCA and pTpT all caused 70% immunosuppression. Topical pretreatment of mice with EPA partially protected against immunosuppression; the EPA dose needed to accomplish this was 10 nmol/cm2 for UVB irradiation, 100 nmol/cm2 for cis‐UCA and 1000 nmol/cm2 for pTpT. Higher EPA doses caused higher UVB‐induced lipid peroxidation and lower vitamin C levels. Glutathione only decreased with the highest EPA dose whereas vitamin E was not decreased after UVB irradiation. In conclusion, topically applied EPA protects against UVB‐, cis‐UCA‐ and pTpT‐induced immunosuppression and maintenance of an adequate antioxidant defense seems to be an important prerequisite for the protective action by EPA.

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Concurrent liquid-chromatographic assay of retinol, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, lycopene, and beta-cryptoxanthin in plasma, with tocopherol acetate as internal standard.

Cited by 367 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of month of vaccine administration on antibody responses in The Gambia and Pakistan

Effect of month of vaccine administration on antibody responses in The Gambia and Pakistan

Exercise-induced oxidative-nitrosative stress is associated with impaired dynamic cerebral autoregulation and blood-brain barrier leakage

Topically Applied Eicosapentaenoic Acid Protects Against Local Immunosuppression Induced by UVB Irradiation, cis-Urocanic Acid and Thymidine Dinucleotides¶

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