Concurrent Linearization: The State of the Art for Modeling and Linearization of Multiband Power Amplifiers

FPGA-based test bed for measurement of AM/AM and AM/PM distortion and modeling memory effects in RF PAs

“…Fig. 6 can then represent (13), where x(n) is the input complex base-band signal, y (n) the output complex base-band signal, a k,q complex valued parameters, Q the memory depth, and K the polynomial order.…”

“…However, this requires knowledge of the PA behavior a priori, and the PA's distortion is usually characterized in terms of AM/AM and AM/PM. Thus, the measurement of the distortion curves is crucial in the application of PAs in telecommunications or digital predistortion (DPD) [13][14][15]. In this regard, the AM/AM and AM/PM distortion curves are the preliminary figure of merit on complex signals by using DPD techniques [16].…”

“…Recent techniques compensate for both the PA nonlinear distortions and memory effects using systems with fieldprogrammable gate arrays (FPGAs) or those applied in concurrent linearization [17][18][19]. Some studies have used traditional measurement techniques such as the use of a vector network analyzer (VNA) [20] or a typical spectrum analyzer [21], a technique to characterize the AM/PM distortion for RF PAs and nonlinear devices [11,22], or the use of scalar power measurements of the PA [23].…”

3-D Distributed Memory Polynomial Behavioral Model for Concurrent Dual-Band Envelope Tracking Power Amplifier Linearization

“…are complex baseband signals to be transmitted which, as extensively explained by Roblin et al in [27], are necessary to characterize the inter-band and cross-band intermodulation distortion in concurrent dual-band PAs. In addition, to properly characterize the slow-envelope distortion effects that appear when supplying the PA with a slower version of the instantaneous dual-band envelope, the coefficients ψ…”

Modeling memory effects in RF power amplifiers applied to a digital pre-distortion algorithm and emulated on a DSP-FPGA board

“…Important efforts related to PAs linearization improving memory effects have been developed in [14][15][16][17][18][19]. Other works make use of commercially available design tools, e.g.…”