Concurrent Hepatozoon canis and Toxoplasma gondii infections in a dog

Harmelin, Alon; Dubey, J. P.; Yakobson, B.; Nyska, A.; Orgad, U.

doi:10.1016/0304-4017(92)90055-e

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Hepatozoon canis infection is frequently associated with other pathogens, like Toxoplasma gondii, E. canis, Babesia canis, Mycoplasma haemocanis, Parvovirus and others (HARMELIN et al, 1992;MUNDIM et al, 1992MUNDIM et al, , 1994BANETH;WEIGLER, 1997;O'DWYER et al, 1997;GONDIM et al, 1998;SASANELLI et al, 2009).…”

Section: Clinical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brazilian canine hepatozoonosis

O’Dwyer

2011

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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The genus Hepatozoon includes hundreds of species that infect birds, reptiles, amphibians and mammals, in all continents with tropical and subtropical climates. Two species have been described in domestic dogs: H. canis, reported in Europe, Asia, Africa, South America and the United States; and H. americanum, which so far has only been diagnosed in the United States. In Brazil, the only species found infecting dogs is H. canis. The objective of this review was to detail some aspects of canine hepatozoonosis, caused by H. canis, and the main points of its biology, transmission, pathogenicity, symptoms, epidemiology and diagnostic methods, with emphasis on research developed in Brazil.

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Section: Clinical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brazilian canine hepatozoonosis

O’Dwyer

2011

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…Characteristic hematological abnormalities in H. canis infection include nonregenerative anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutrophilia, hyperproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, polyclonal gammopathy, and increased serum creatine kinase (CK) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations [5,8,9]. The detection of capsule-like gamonts in the cytoplasm of neutrophils in blood smears is sometimes helpful for diagnosing acuteonset hepatozoonosis, but a small percent of H. canisinfected dogs are reported to possibly show parasitemia [2,4,8,10,20]. On the other hand, the pathophysiology of hepatozoonosis in felids is not yet fully understood.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, we should consider the immunological status of affected cats. Based on the findings in Hepatozoon infections in other species, parasitemia may be related to immunodeficiency or immune-compromised conditions such as the coexistence of other infections and the administration of immunosuppressants [2,4,8,10,20]. This point seems to be important for wild animals because they have many opportunities to be exposed to other infectious agents.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Case of Iriomote Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis) with Hepatozoon felis Parasitemia

Sakuma

Nishio

Nakanishi³

et al. 2011

J. Vet. Med. Sci.

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ABSTRACT. We herein present clinical findings of an Iriomote cat with Hepatozoon felis parasitemia. A male Iriomote cat was captured for ecological analyses three times from January 2010 to January 2011. Although this cat did not show any hematological abnormalities at the time of the first capture, H. felis parasitemia and increased serum creatine kinase levels were detected at the second and third captures. H. felis infection was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, and amplified 18S ribosomal RNA gene fragments were 100% identical to those of H. felis in leopard cats in Korea. Although the virulence of H. felis in this cat was suggested to be low, this is the first report of an H. felis-infected Iriomote cat with parasitemia.

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“…It has been shown that most infected dogs show clinical latency and that only immunosuppressed cases tend to show clinical signs [2,4,6,9,20]. In this case, Babesia infection was detected at the time of the first hospital visit, and the dog might have been stressed as a result of this.…”

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confidence: 81%

“…Ingested parasites enter the blood or lymphatic vessels through the intestinal mucosa and reach the bone marrow. Most H. canis infected dogs show clinical latency, and several factors, such as co-infection with other infectious agents and immunosuppression, are thought to be important factors promoting the acute onset of hepatozoonosis [2,4,6,9,20]. A few reports have described the acute onset of H. canis infection and its epidemiological distribution in Japan [10,[15][16][17][18][19].…”

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confidence: 99%

A Case Report: a Dog with Acute Onset of Hepatozoon canis Infection

Sakuma

Nakahara

Suzuki³

et al. 2009

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. We present a clinical overview of a dog with acute onset of Hepatozoon canis infection. A stray female beagle dog of unknown age was referred to Kagoshima University showing anemia. Blood tests revealed the presence of anemia, thrombocytopenia, hyperproteinemia, polyclonal gammopathy, hypoalbuminemia, and elevated creatine kinase and alkaline phosphatase activities. In addition, capsule-like organisms were detected in the cytoplasm of approximately 50% of neutrophils in blood smears. H. canis infection was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing analyses. Amplified DNA fragments revealed 100% identity to the 18S ribosomal RNA gene of H. canis. The clinical symptoms improved after the administration of antibiotics. Hepatozoonosis in dogs is rare, but veterinarians should be alert to its possible acute onset. Hepatozoon is a genus of protozoa belonging to phylum Apicomplexa. Dogs are known to be susceptible to infection by both Hepatozoon canis and H. americanum, but only the former has been confirmed in Japan [3,10,[15][16][17][18][19]21]. Hepatozoon parasites are transmitted by ticks, and the infection becomes established after the ingestion of infected ticks [4]. Ingested parasites enter the blood or lymphatic vessels through the intestinal mucosa and reach the bone marrow. Most H. canis infected dogs show clinical latency, and several factors, such as co-infection with other infectious agents and immunosuppression, are thought to be important factors promoting the acute onset of hepatozoonosis [2,4,6,9,20]. A few reports have described the acute onset of H. canis infection and its epidemiological distribution in Japan [10,[15][16][17][18][19]. The clinical symptoms associated with severe H. canis infection are anemia, fever, lethargy and weight loss [5]. Ataxia and lameness are also sometimes observed in Hepatozoon-infected dogs, due to the development of osteomyelitis. Characteristic hematological abnormalities in H. canis infection include non-regenerative anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutrophilia, hyperproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, polyclonal gammopathy, and increased serum creatine kinase (CK) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations [5][6][7]. The detection of capsule-like gamonts in the cytoplasm of neutrophils in blood smears is helpful for diagnosing hepatozoonosis. Other diagnostic techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Hepatozoonderived genomic DNA or enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for anti-Hepatozoon antibodies, are also potentially useful [8,10,11] A stray female beagle dog of unknown age was cared for by a temporary owner in the suburbs of Kagoshima, Japan. The owner took her to a private veterinary hospital for a health check. Severe dehydration, numerous ticks on the skin and pale mucus membranes were detected by physical examination (day 1). Fecal examination revealed roundworm, whipworm and tapeworm infections. Blood examination demonstrated the presence of anemia [packed cell volume (PCV), 17%], leukocytosis (44,900/l) and mild thrombocytopen...

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Concurrent Hepatozoon canis and Toxoplasma gondii infections in a dog

Cited by 19 publications

References 4 publications

Brazilian canine hepatozoonosis

Brazilian canine hepatozoonosis

A Case of Iriomote Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis) with Hepatozoon felis Parasitemia

A Case Report: a Dog with Acute Onset of Hepatozoon canis Infection

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