Concurrent Grandparent Death and Birth of Schizophrenic Offspring: An Intriguing Finding

Walsh, Froma

doi:10.1111/j.1545-5300.1978.00457.x

Cited by 40 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…As predicted, those patients diagnosed specifically with dissociative disorders were significantly more likely to report a maternal loss of this kind than were nondissociative clinic patients (similar findings had been obtained earlier with respect to schizophrenic patients by Walsh, 1978;see Hesse & van IJzendoom, 1998). In a later, more direct test of Liotti's hypothesis using the relatively large Minnesota poverty sample, scores for disorganized Strange Situation behavior with the mother in infancy were found to predict dissociative behavior as observed by teachers in both elementary and high school.…”

Section: Absorption and Behavior Geneticssupporting

confidence: 78%

Propensities towards absorption are related to lapses in the monitoring of reasoning or discourse during the Adult Attachment Interview

Hesse

IJzendoorn

1999

Attachment & Human Development

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Unresolved/disorganized (U) states of mind are identified in the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) through brief lapses in the monitoring of reasoning or discourse during the discussion of potentially traumatic experiences such as loss or abuse. These lapses have been hypothesized to indicate temporary alterations in normal states of consciousness. In parents, U attachment status predicts a pattern of infant behaviour that is associated with relatively unfavourable outcomes and has been found to be a risk factor for psychopathology in middle childhood and adolescence. In the present study (N = 140), unresolved subjects were found to be significantly elevated on Tellegens' Absorption Scale (TAS) when compared with subjects classified into the remaining adult attachment categories (secure; dismissing; preoccupied; and cannot classify). Additionally, the TAS was significantly correlated with AAI scale scores for lapses in monitoring of reasoning and/or discourse during the discussion of traumatic events. This study appears to provide the first behaviorally anchored correlate of the absorption construct outside of the domain of hypnosis. Some possible developmental origins of propensities towards absorption are discussed, including early abuse experiences and infant disorganized attachment.

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Section: Absorption and Behavior Geneticssupporting

confidence: 78%

Propensities towards absorption are related to lapses in the monitoring of reasoning or discourse during the Adult Attachment Interview

Hesse

IJzendoorn

1999

Attachment & Human Development

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“…It is striking indeed that our self reported TAS findings as well as the more clinically behaviorally based assessments of Liotti (1992), Orfanidis (cited in Walsh, 1978, p. 461), andWalsh (1978) all point to increased potentials for altered consciousness in individuals born within two years of an important loss experience for the parent. Despite the inherent caution with which self-report measures must be interpreted, the concordance of our outcomes with the other investigations discussed is notable and suggests that further exploration of the association between parental experiences of loss, infant disorganized attachment and alterations in consciousness in both high and low-risk samples is warranted.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Parental loss of close family members and propensities towards absorption in offspring

Hesse

IJzendoorn

1998

Developmental Science

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Parental unresolved/disorganized responses to loss assessed in the Adult Attachment Interview predict infant disorganized (D) attachment. Parental experiences of loss near the birth of an infant should therefore increase the likelihood of D attachment to that parent. Liotti (1992) suggested that D attachment may increase tendencies to altered states of consciousness, and some support for this hypothesis has been obtained in clinical and high‐risk samples. Here, Tellegen's Absorption Scale was used to measure propensities to altered consciousness in two low‐risk samples of young adults (N=136, N=308). In both studies, participants whose parents experienced familial loss within two years of their birth showed elevated levels of absorption. These outcomes (a) support the proposed connection between disorganized attachment and tendencies to altered consciousness, and (b) suggest that queries regarding parental loss experiences should be further explored as a ‘rough and ready’ estimate of disorganized attachment in large‐scale studies.

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“…The notion of family resilience began to take form in the context of my early research experience with families of psychiatrically hospitalized and normal young adults (Walsh, 1978). An assessment of family stress events found that the seriously disturbed patients were significantly more likely to have been born around the time of the death of a grandparent.…”

Section: Relational Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Concept of Family Resilience: Crisis and Challenge

1996

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The concept of resilience, the ability to withstand and rebound from crisis and adversity, has valuable potential for research, intervention, and prevention approaches aiming to strengthen couples and families. Resilience has been viewed as residing within the individual, with the family often dismissed as dysfunctional This article advances a systemic view of resilience in ecological and developmental contexts and presents the concept of family resilience, attending to interactional processes over time that strengthen both individual and family hardiness. Extending our understanding of normal family functioning, the concept of family resilience offers a useful framework to identify and fortify key processes that enable families to surmount crises and persistent stresses. There are many pathways in relational resilience, varying to fit diverse family forms, psychosocial challenges, resources, and constraints. Shared beliefs and narratives that foster a sense of coherence, collaboration, competence, and confidence are vital in coping and mastery. Interventions to strengthen family resilience have timely relevance for weathering the rapid social changes and uncertainties facing families today.

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Concurrent Grandparent Death and Birth of Schizophrenic Offspring: An Intriguing Finding

Cited by 40 publications

References 13 publications

Propensities towards absorption are related to lapses in the monitoring of reasoning or discourse during the Adult Attachment Interview

Propensities towards absorption are related to lapses in the monitoring of reasoning or discourse during the Adult Attachment Interview

Parental loss of close family members and propensities towards absorption in offspring

The Concept of Family Resilience: Crisis and Challenge

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