Concurrent Endurance and Explosive Type Strength Training Increases Activation and Fast Force Production of Leg Extensor Muscles in Endurance Athletes

Mikkola, Jussi; Rusko, Heikki; Nummela, Ari; PAAVOLAINEN, LEENA M.; Häkkinen, Keijo

doi:10.1519/00124278-200705000-00056

Cited by 35 publications

(67 citation statements)

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“…NA test not performed * Significant pre-post change (P \ 0.05), à significant pre-mid change (P \ 0.05), significant mid-post change (P \ 0.05) resulting in increased endurance. 3.2 km run performance has also been shown to improve following explosive resistance training, coupled with sprint interval training, through improved running economy and neuromuscular activation independent of improvements in aerobic capacity (Paavolainen et al 1999;Mikkola et al 2007). The Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined resistance and endurance training improves physical capacity and performance on tactical occupational tasks

et al. 2010

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of aerobic endurance (E), strength (R), and combined endurance and strength (CB) training for improving performance of tactical occupational tasks and determine if combined training interferes with performance enhancements of E or R alone. A total of 56 recreationally active women were randomly placed into four groups: R (n = 18), E (n = 13), CB (n = 15), Control (n = 10). Subjects trained three non-consecutive days per week for 8 weeks. Performance was measured pre-, mid-, and post-training for bench press one-repetition maximum (1-RM), squat 1-RM, bench press throw and squat jump peak power, VO2peak, 3.2 km load carriage (LC), 3.2 km run (run), and repetitive lift and carry (RLC). R and E demonstrated improvements which were generally specific to their training. R improved squat (48.3%) and bench press 1-RM (23.8%), bench press throw (41.9%), RLC (31.3%), and LC (11.5%). E improved run (14.7%), VO2peak (6.2%), squat 1-RM (15.3%), LC (12.9%), and RLC (22.5%). CB improved squat (37.6%) and bench press 1-RM (20.9%), bench press throw (39.6%), VO2peak (7.6%), run (10.4%), LC (13.1%), and RLC (45.5%). Post-training 1-RM squat was greater in R and CB than E, while E completed the 3.2 km load carriage task faster than C. In conclusion, 8 weeks of combined training improved performance in all tactical occupational tasks measured and did not interfere with improvements in strength, power and endurance measures compared to R or E alone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined resistance and endurance training improves physical capacity and performance on tactical occupational tasks

et al. 2010

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“…Maximal strength and power is suggested to relate to work economy and/or eYciency in skiing (HoV et al 1999;Mikkola et al 2007;Osteras et al 2002). In the current study, the maximal strength measurements did not diVer between groups, suggesting that the "necessary level" of maximal strength has already been reached in these elite sprint skiers.…”

Section: Physiological Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally, crosscountry skiers are tested for energy delivery capacity, and research over the last few decades has shown that world class skiers have been among the endurance athletes with the highest maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max ) (Holmberg et al 2007;Ingjer 1991;Saltin and Astrand 1967). Although a considerable number of studies have been done on work economy in cross-country skiing (HoV et al 1999;HoVman 1992;HoVman et al 1990aHoVman et al , b, 1994Mahood et al 2001;Mikkola et al 2007;Millet et al 1998aMillet et al , b, 2002Millet et al , 2003Osteras et al 2002), limited research has been done on mechanical eYciency (HoVman et al 1995;Niinimaa et al 1978). No study has compared eYciency between cross-country skiers of diVerent performance levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Improved strength and power is reported to improve work economy and performance in skiers (HoV et al 1999;Mikkola et al 2007;Osteras et al 2002). Moreover, better skiers tend to use longer cycle lengths (CL) with similar cycle rate (CR), and this diVerence in CL is suggested to relate to strength and power (Bilodeau et al 1996;Lindinger et al 2009;Stoggl et al 2007), as well as to technical aspects (Bilodeau et al 1996;Stoggl and Muller 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic rate and gross efficiency at high work rates in world class and national level sprint skiers

et al. 2010

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The present study investigated metabolic rate (MR) and gross eYciency (GE) at moderate and high work rates, and the relationships to gross kinematics and physical characteristics in elite cross-country skiers. Eight world class (WC) and eight national level (NL) male sprint crosscountry skiers performed three 5-min stages using the skating G3 technique, whilst roller skiing on a treadmill. GE was calculated by dividing work rate by MR. Work rate was calculated as the sum of power against gravity and frictional rolling forces. MR was calculated using gas exchange and blood lactate values. Gross kinematics, i.e. cycle length (CL) and cycle rate (CR) were measured by video analysis. Furthermore, the skiers were tested for time to exhaustion (TTE), peak oxygen uptake (VO 2peak ), and maximal speed (V max ) on the treadmill, and maximal strength in the laboratory. Individual performance level in sprint skating was determined by FIS points. WC skiers did not diVer in aerobic MR, but showed lower anaerobic MR and higher GE than NL skiers at a given speed (all P < 0.05). Moreover, WC skiers skated with longer CL and had higher V max and TTE (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, the present study shows that WC skiers are more eYcient than NL skiers, and it is proposed that this might be due to a better technique and to technique-speciWc power.

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“…The test was supervised by a physician, while the subjects were verbally encouraged to continue cycling until volitional exhaustion. VO 2max was the highest minute average of VO 2 (Mikkola et al 2007), while maximal aerobic cycling power (P max ) was calculated as: P max = P com + t/120 DP, in which P com is the last cycling load completed, t is the time in seconds the non-completed load was maintained and DP is the increment in watts (Kuipers et al 1985).…”

Section: Exercise Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of maximal heart rate using the relationship between heart rate variability and exercise intensity in 40–67 years old men

Karavirta

Tulppo²,

Nyman

et al. 2008

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Large interindividual variation in maximal heart rate (HRmax) may not be accounted for by age alone. In order to evaluate a novel method in the prediction of HRmax, this study examined the profile of HR variability (HRV) during exercise in 40-67 years old men (n = 74). R-R intervals were recorded during supine rest and during a graded exercise test by cycle ergometry until exhaustion. A third-degree polynomial function was fitted to the HRV data recorded during exercise to represent the HRV profile of each subject. The instantaneous beat-to-beat R-R interval variability (SD1), high (HF) and low frequency power decreased between all consecutive exercise intensities (P < 0.033). The relationship between HRmax and a variable illustrating the declining rate of HF (HRHF50%) was stronger (r = 0.50, P < 0.001) than between HRmax and age (r = -0.36, P < 0.01). The regression analysis showed that a more accurate estimation of HR(max) was attained when HRV was used in the equation in addition to age: HRmax = 160.633-0.603(age) + 0.441(HRHF50%) (SEE = 9.8 bpm vs. 11.6 bpm in the equation based on age alone). The decline of HRV during incremental exercise seems to be useful for accurate estimation of maximal heart rate.

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Concurrent Endurance and Explosive Type Strength Training Increases Activation and Fast Force Production of Leg Extensor Muscles in Endurance Athletes

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Combined resistance and endurance training improves physical capacity and performance on tactical occupational tasks

Combined resistance and endurance training improves physical capacity and performance on tactical occupational tasks

Metabolic rate and gross efficiency at high work rates in world class and national level sprint skiers

Estimation of maximal heart rate using the relationship between heart rate variability and exercise intensity in 40–67 years old men

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