Concurrent Carbon Capture and Biocementation through the Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) Activity of Microorganisms -a Review and Outlook

Abstract

Biocementation, i.e., the production of biomimetic cement through the metabolic activity of microorganisms, offers exciting new prospects for various civil and environmental engineering applications. This paper presents a systematic literature review on a biocementation pathway, which uses the carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity of microorganisms that sequester CO2 to produce biocement. The aim is the future development of this technique for civil and (geo-)environmental engineering applications towards CO2-neutral or negative processes. After screening 248 potentially relevant peer-reviewed journal papers published between 2002 and 2023, 38 publications studying CA-biocementation were considered in the review. Some of these studies used pure CA enzyme rather than bacteria-produced CA. Of these studies, 7 used biocementation for self-healing concrete, 6 for CO2 sequestration, 10 for geotechnical applications, and 15 for (geo-)environmental applications. A total of 34 bacterial strains were studied, and optimal conditions for their growth and enzymatic activity were identified. The review concluded that the topic is little researched; more studies are required both in the laboratory and field (particularly long-term field experiments, which are totally lacking). No studies on the numerical modelling of CA-biocementation and the required kinetic parameters were found. The paper thus consulted the more widely researched field of CO2 sequestration using the CA-pathway, to identify other microorganisms recommended for further research and reaction kinetic parameters for numerical modelling. Finally, challenges to be addressed and future research needs were discussed.

Improving Hierarchical Ecosystem Structures and Multicriteria Evaluation for Current Land Ecosystem Classification

“…In contrast, we found that the importance rank of the pH value is the first component for Ecological Site and Ecosite (U8/Y9). The pH plays a crucial role in cementation, affecting microbial growth, metabolism/enzymatic activity, calcite solubility and crystallization, and biomineral formation (Mwandira et al 2023). This indicated that soil condition plays a significant role at the lower level.…”