Concurrent bronchopulmonary foregut malformations: a rare case of right-sided extralobar pulmonary sequestration and bronchogenic cyst

Abstract

Background Bronchopulmonary foregut malformations are rare congenital malformations. It is extremely rare to have malformations that occur simultaneously. There is literature to show that extralobar sequestration is associated with other congenital anomalies, most commonly diaphragmatic hernias, and also with other bronchopulmonary foregut malformations (e.g., extralobar sequestration and congenital pulmonary airway malformations). However, very few case reports were found that reported extralobar sequestration and foregut duplication cysts and only one report of a right-sided complex foregut malformation with pulmonary sequestration. Case presentation We present a case of a 3-month-old male infant with a prenatal diagnosis of a cystic lung lesion who, after developing symptoms of respiratory distress, was found to have concurrent right-sided extralobar pulmonary sequestration and a mediastinal bronchogenic cyst. Conclusions The concurrent occurrence of these malformations in one patient could help support the theory that these malformations result from an early error in development during the time when both the lung buds and foregut are developing simultaneously.

Prenatal ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and therapeutic options for fetal thoracic anomalies: a pictorial essay

“…The association of foregut duplication cysts with other foregut malformation lesions such as bronchopulmonary sequestration and congenital pulmonary airway malformation should be considered and has been described in multiple case reports [ 33 – 35 ]. These cases support the current thinking that congenital pulmonary airway malformation/sequestration/bronchogenic cysts form a spectrum of abnormal development of the airways with obstructive dysplastic changes [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Childhood cystic lung diseases – A pictorial review

“…These bronchopulmonary foregut malformations may be of bronchial, enteric or neurenteric subtypes. [5] The bronchial duplication cysts are lined by secretory epithelium and usually do not communicate with the bronchial tree. The cysts are therefore fluid filled and rarely show air within.…”