Concurrent Bacteremia Due to Non-vaccine Serotype 24F Pneumococcus in Twins: A Rapid Increase in Serotype 24F-invasive Pneumococcal Disease and its High Invasive Potential

Kawabata, Toshiaki; Tenokuchi, Yoichi; Yamakuchi, Hiroki; Sameshima, Hirotsugu; Katayama, Hirosuke; OTA, Takeshi; Tokunaga, Masatomo; Takezaki, Tomoko; Tamae, Suehiro; Nakamura, Tõru; Chang, Bin; Kodama, Yuichi; Imuta, Naoko; Ooka, Tadasuke; Okamoto, Yasuhiro; Suga, Shigeru; Nishi, Junichiro

doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000002508

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In a more recent follow-up study, we found serogroup 24 has continued to be the major non-PCV13 serotype in children under 2 years old with IPD, ranking the first in this study in 2013 and reaching 16.2 % in 2016 with a high proportion of MDR [32]. Increases in serogroup 24 after PCV13 introduction was also observed in Denmark [33], France [34], Italy [25], Japan [35, 36], Spain [37, 38], the UK [39] and reported to be one of the predominant non-vaccine serotypes causing IPD in Germany [40] and Portugal [41]. A meta-analysis showed that serotype 24F was at the upper end of the invasiveness spectrum and appeared to be prone to cause meningitis [42].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…A meta-analysis showed that serotype 24F was at the upper end of the invasiveness spectrum and appeared to be prone to cause meningitis [42]. Based on case reports, serotype 24F was associated with significant invasive disease potential [36] and clinical severity [43]. Among the six serotype 24F isolates in this study, none were recovered from meningitis and mainly associated with pneumonia and an unknown disease with febrile symptom.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Population genetic structure, serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in children in Argentina

Gagetti

Hawkins

et al. 2021

Microbial Genomics

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Invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (IPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in young children worldwide. In Argentina, PCV13 was introduced into the childhood immunization programme nationwide in 2012 and PCV7 was available from 2000, but only in the private market. Since 1993 the National IPD Surveillance Programme, consisting of 150 hospitals, has conducted nationwide pneumococcal surveillance in Argentina in children under 6 years of age, as part of the SIREVA II-OPS network. A total of 1713 pneumococcal isolates characterized by serotype (Quellung) and antimicrobial resistance (agar dilution) to ten antibiotics, belonging to three study periods: pre-PCV7 era 1998–1999 (pre-PCV), before the introduction of PCV13 2010–2011 (PCV7) and after the introduction of PCV13 2012–2013 (PCV13), were available for inclusion. Fifty-four serotypes were identified in the entire collection and serotypes 14, 5 and 1 represented 50 % of the isolates. Resistance to penicillin was 34.9 %, cefotaxime 10.6 %, meropenem 4.9 %, cotrimoxazole 45 %, erythromycin 21.5 %, tetracycline 15.4 % and chloramphenicol 0.4 %. All the isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin, rifampin and vancomycin. Of 1713 isolates, 1061 (61.9 %) were non-susceptible to at least one antibiotic and 235(13.7 %) were multidrug resistant. A subset of 413 isolates was randomly selected and whole-genome sequenced as part of Global Pneumococcal Sequencing Project (GPS). The genome data was used to investigate the population structure of S. pneumoniae defining pneumococcal lineages using Global Pneumococcal Sequence Clusters (GPSCs), sequence types (STs) and clonal complexes (CCs), prevalent serotypes and their associated pneumococcal lineages and genomic inference of antimicrobial resistance. The collection showed a great diversity of strains. Among the 413 isolates, 73 known and 36 new STs were identified belonging to 38 CCs and 25 singletons, grouped into 52 GPSCs. Important changes were observed among vaccine types when pre-PCV and PCV13 periods were compared; a significant decrease in serotypes 14, 6B and 19F and a significant increase in 7F and 3. Among non-PCV13 types, serogroup 24 increased from 0 % in pre-PCV to 3.2 % in the PCV13 period. Our analysis showed that 66.1 % (273/413) of the isolates were predicted to be non-susceptible to at least one antibiotic and 11.9 % (49/413) were multidrug resistant. We found an agreement of 100 % when comparing the serotype determined by Quellung and WGS-based serotyping and 98.4 % of agreement in antimicrobial resistance. Continued surveillance of the pneumococcal population is needed to reveal the dynamics of pneumococcal isolates in Argentina in post-PCV13. This article contains data hosted by Microreact.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Population genetic structure, serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in children in Argentina

Gagetti

Hawkins

et al. 2021

Microbial Genomics

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“…The capsular serotype is a major determinant of the duration of carriage and invasiveness [23]; for example, serotype 12F is highly invasive, and bacteremia occurs easily without colonisation [24]. Because the colonisation of serotype 24 is rare in Japanese children [22,25], we suspect that this strain was highly invasive and caused IPD, most of which was bacteremia without colonisation, as described in a previous case report [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Epidemiological characteristics in serotype 24 paediatric invasive pneumococcal disease according to an 11-year population-based study in Japan

et al. 2022

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After the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), serotype replacement has occurred in Japan, and serotype 24 has become the most common serotype in pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). To understand the characteristics of serotype 24-IPD in Japanese children in the post-PCV13 era, we conducted a retrospective study in children aged ≤15 years from 2010 to 2020 using a database of pediatric IPD surveillance in Chiba prefecture, Japan. We identified a total of 357 IPD cases and collected clinical information on 225 cases (24: 32 cases, non-24: 193 cases). Compared with the non-serotype 24-IPD, serotype 24-IPD was independently related to be <2 years of age (OR: 3.91, 95% CI: 1.47-10.44; p = 0.0064) and bacteremia (OR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.01-5.13; p = 0.0475), as a result of the multivariate regression analysis. We also conducted a bacterial analysis, and the isolates of serotype 24-IPD had tendencies of PCG-susceptible (24: 100.0%, non-24: 61.3%; p < 0.0001) and macrolide-resistance (24: 100.0%, non-24: 87.3%; p = 0.0490). Their multilocus sequence typing was mostly ST2572 and the variants, which were unique to Japan. This tendency might have been a result of the progress made in the Japanese PCV13 immunization program.

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“…67 The NVT 24F was recently reported to be a cause of concurrent bacteremia among 22-month-old twins who had been fully vaccinated with PCV13, with the last dose administered 6 months prior to hospitalization. 68 This serotype also showed a high invasive potential (pneumococcal meningitis) post-PCV13 implementation in France in the pediatric population along with serotype 12F. 69,70 Pneumococcal serotype prevalence in the Eastern Mediterranean Region…”

Section: S Pneumoniae Serotypesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…95 The prevalence of this NVT among IPD cases in children has also been reported in the European and Western Pacific regions. 64,68,70,96,97 Morocco During a surveillance study conducted between September 2007 and August 2008 in Casablanca, serotypes 19F, 14, 23F, 6B, and 19A were found to be prevalent among pediatric (<5 years) IPD patients. 81 Recently, a report was published on early neonatal respiratory distress, revealing meningitis caused by serotype 17F via vertical transmission.…”

Section: Lebanonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging pneumococcal serotypes in Iraq: scope for improved vaccine development

Dawood

Al-Jumaili²,

Radhi³

et al. 2023

F1000Res

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Pneumococcal disease is a global public health concern as it affects the young, aged and the immunocompromised. The development of pneumococcal vaccines and their incorporation in the immunization programs has helped to reduce the global burden of disease. However, serotype replacement and the emergence of non-vaccine serotypes as well as the persistence of a few vaccine serotypes underscores the need for development of new and effective vaccines against such pneumococcal serotypes. In the Middle East, places of religious mass gatherings are a hotspot for disease transmission in addition to the global risk factors. Therefore, the periodic surveillance of pneumococcal serotypes circulating in the region to determine the effectiveness of existing prevention strategies and develop improved vaccines is warranted. Currently, there is a lack of serotype prevalence data for Iraq due to inadequate surveillance in the region. Thus, this review aims to determine the pneumococcal serotypes circulating in Iraq by drawing inferences from the global pneumococcal serotype prevalence data as well as recently published literature from neighboring countries to refine existing vaccination strategies and help in the development and introduction of improved pneumococcal vaccines in the country.

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Concurrent Bacteremia Due to Non-vaccine Serotype 24F Pneumococcus in Twins: A Rapid Increase in Serotype 24F-invasive Pneumococcal Disease and its High Invasive Potential

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Population genetic structure, serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in children in Argentina

Population genetic structure, serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in children in Argentina

Epidemiological characteristics in serotype 24 paediatric invasive pneumococcal disease according to an 11-year population-based study in Japan

Emerging pneumococcal serotypes in Iraq: scope for improved vaccine development

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