Concrete Quarks - The Beginning of the End

Zweig, George

doi:10.1051/epjconf/20147100146

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Even when we are searching for microscopic mechanisms, it is not anachronistic to explore macroscopic descriptions. Time and again, the scientific community has leaned on phenomenology to imagine the underlying mechanisms, often taking literally the individual terms in a mathematical description as representing the actual microscopic elements for which we should be searching, whether these are genes, ion channels, synaptic vesicles, or quarks ( 35 – 37 ). What is anachronistic, in the literal sense of the word, is to believe that microscopic mechanisms were discovered by direct microscopic observations without guidance from phenomenology on a larger scale.…”

Section: A Context For Phenomenologymentioning

confidence: 99%

On the dimensionality of behavior

Bialek

2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Significance How do we characterize animal behavior? Psychophysics started with human behavior in the laboratory, and focused on simple contexts, such as the decision among just a few alternative actions in response to sensory inputs. In contrast, ethology focused on animal behavior in the natural environment, emphasizing that evolution selects potentially complex behaviors that are useful in specific contexts. New experimental methods now make it possible to monitor animal and human behaviors in vastly greater detail. This “physics of behavior” holds the promise of combining the psychophysicist’s quantitative approach with the ethologist’s appreciation of natural context. One question surrounding this growing body of data concerns the dimensionality of behavior. Here I try to give this concept a precise definition.

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Section: A Context For Phenomenologymentioning

confidence: 99%

On the dimensionality of behavior

Bialek

2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Even when we are searching for microscopic mechanisms, it is not anachronistic to explore macroscopic descriptions. Time and again, the scientific community has leaned on phenomenology to imagine the underlying mechanisms, often taking literally the individual terms in a mathematical description as representing the actual microscopic elements for which we should be searching, whether these are genes, ion channels, synaptic vesicles, or quarks [54][55][56]. What is anachronistic, in the literal sense of the word, is to believe that microscopic mechanisms were discovered by direct microscopic observations without guidance from phenomenology on a larger scale.…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

What do we mean by the dimensionality of behavior?

Bialek¹

2020

Preprint

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There is growing effort in the "physics of behavior" that aims at complete quantitative characterization of animal movements under more complex, naturalistic conditions. One reaction to the resulting explosion of data is the search for low dimensional structure. Here I try to define more clearly what we mean by the dimensionality of behavior, where observable behavior may consist either of continuous trajectories or sequences of discrete states. This discussion also serves to isolate situations in which the dimensionality of behavior is effectively infinite. I conclude with some more general perspectives about the importance of quantitative phenomenology. * This is based in part on a presentation at the Physics of Behavior Virtual Workshop (30 April 2020), organized by GJ Berman and GJ Stephens. My sincere thanks to Gordon, Greg, and all my fellow panelists for this wonderful event, especially in these difficult times. Videos of the lectures and discussion are available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xSwWAgp2VdU.

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Spinorial Regge trajectories and Hagedorn-like temperatures. Spinorial space-time and preons as an alternative to strings

Gonzalez‐Mestres

2016

EPJ Web Conf.

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Abstract. The development of the statistical bootstrap model for hadrons, quarks and nuclear matter occurred during the 1960s and the 1970s in a period of exceptional theoretical creativity. And if the transition from hadrons to quarks and gluons as fundamental particles was then operated, a transition from standard particles to preons and from the standard space-time to a spinorial one may now be necessary, including related pre-Big Bang scenarios. We present here a brief historical analysis of the scientific problematic of the 1960s in Particle Physics and of its evolution until the end of the 1970s, including cosmological issues. Particular attention is devoted to the exceptional role of Rolf Hagedorn and to the progress of the statistical boostrap model until the experimental search for the quark-gluon plasma started being considered. In parallel, we simultaneously expose recent results and ideas concerning Particle Physics and in Cosmology, an discuss current open questions. Assuming preons to be constituents of the physical vacuum and the standard particles excitations of this vacuum (the superbradyon hypothesis we introduced in 1995), together with a spinorial space-time (SST), a new kind of Regge trajectories is expected to arise where the angular momentum spacing will be of 1/2 instead of 1. Standard particles can lie on such Regge trajectories inside associated internal symmetry multiplets, and the preonic vacuum structure can generate a new approach to Quantum Field Theory. As superbradyons are superluminal preons, some of the vacuum excitations can have critical speeds larger than the speed of light c, but the cosmological evolution selects by itself the particles with the smallest critical speed (the speed of light). In the new Particle Physics and Cosmology emerging from the pattern thus developed, Hagedornlike temperatures will naturally be present. As new space, time, momentum and energy scales are expected to be generated by the preonic vacuum dynamics, the Planck scale does not necessarily make sense in the new scenario. It also turns out that two potential evidences for a superbradyonic vacuum with a SST geometry exist already: i) the recent results on quantum entanglement at large distances favoring superluminal propagation of signals and correlations ; ii) the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation between two hemispheres observed by the Planck Collaboration, in agreement with the predictions of cosmic SST automatically generating a privileged space direction for each comoving observer. Simultaneously to the discussion of the large number of open questions, we comment on the required experimental and observational programs.T his paper is dedicated to the memory o f Rol f Hagedorn a

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Concrete Quarks - The Beginning of the End

Abstract: Abstract. A short history of the physics of strongly interacting particles is presented. Events leading to the discovery, and eventual acceptance, of concrete quarks are described. b

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

On the dimensionality of behavior

On the dimensionality of behavior

What do we mean by the dimensionality of behavior?

Spinorial Regge trajectories and Hagedorn-like temperatures. Spinorial space-time and preons as an alternative to strings

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