Concrete Industry, Environment Issue, and Green Concrete: A Review

Tanash, Alaa Omar; Muthusamy, Khairunisa

doi:10.15282/construction.v2i1.7188

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Concrete is one of the most important construction materials globally and has the secondhighest consumption rate after water among all construction materials. However, the production of concrete's main raw material, cement, requires high energy consumption, contributing significantly to environmental pollution and greenhouse gas emissions [5]. Globally, cement production accounts for 8% to 10% of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, with about 4.1 billion tonnes of cement manufactured every year, and this figure is expected to grow constantly in the future [4].…”

Section: Autoclaved Aerated Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the advantages of bamboo as a green material, there are also some potential drawbacks to consider. One of the main concerns is the susceptibility of bamboo to pest infestations, which can lead to the degradation of the material over time [5]. In addition, bamboo requires careful treatment and processing to ensure its durability and longevity in construction applications [52].…”

Section: Bamboomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These materials should pollute less to the environment and have no negative impact on human health. One potential green material in the market is green concrete, which can reduce 70% or more of the global warming potential of conventional concrete [4,5]. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the current status of environmental management practices and the utilization of green materials for construction in Malaysia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementation of Green Materials in Construction Management System in Malaysia

Chong

Liu

Hernandes

et al. 2023

Civil Sustain. Urban Eng.

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Construction industry plays an important role in social, economic and environmental developments. However, the unstainable development in the industry has led to environmental issues. Construction waste is one of the biggest problems in the construction industry. In Malaysia, construction waste constitutes a large portion of solid waste every year. Most of the construction waste ends up in landfill without proper treatment. The constriction waste can further lead to other environmental issues. In addition, construction activities have also led to environmental issues such as water pollution, air pollution and noise pollution in the country. Besides, utilization of conventional construction materials in the country also leads to unstainable development in the industry. Conventional concrete is the most used construction material and also the most generated construction waste in a construction project. The production of conventional concrete emits a huge amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) (due to the use of cement), which accounts for 8% to 10% of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions every year. Thus, environmental management practices and utilization of green materials can be the keys to achieve sustainable development in the Malaysian construction industry.

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Section: Autoclaved Aerated Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bamboomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementation of Green Materials in Construction Management System in Malaysia

Chong

Liu

Hernandes

et al. 2023

Civil Sustain. Urban Eng.

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“…[ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. In addition, the preparation of cement needs the support of electric power resources, which mainly take coal as the basic fuel, and the combustion of coal is accompanied by the production of industrial waste, such as fly ash and slag, which will not only affect the ecological environment, but also occupy a large number of land resources [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. The above analysis proves that the mass use of cement is not conducive to the sustainable development of the construction industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel MBAS-RF Approach to Predict Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer-Based Compositions

Chen

Zhou

Shi

et al. 2023

Gels

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Using gels to replace a certain amount of cement in concrete is conducive to the green concrete industry, while testing the compressive strength (CS) of geopolymer concrete requires a substantial amount of substantial effort and expense. To solve the above issue, a hybrid machine learning model of a modified beetle antennae search (MBAS) algorithm and random forest (RF) algorithm was developed in this study to model the CS of geopolymer concrete, in which MBAS was employed to adjust the hyperparameters of the RF model. The performance of the MBAS was verified by the relationship between 10-fold cross-validation (10-fold CV) and root mean square error (RMSE) value, and the prediction performance of the MBAS and RF hybrid machine learning model was verified by evaluating the correlation coefficient (R) and RMSE values and comparing with other models. The results show that the MBAS can effectively tune the performance of the RF model; the hybrid machine learning model had high R values (training set R = 0.9162 and test set R = 0.9071) and low RMSE values (training set RMSE = 7.111 and test set RMSE = 7.4345) at the same time, which indicated that the prediction accuracy was high; NaOH molarity was confirmed as the most important parameter regarding the CS of geopolymer concrete, with the importance score of 3.7848, and grade 4/10 mm was confirmed as the least important parameter, with the importance score of 0.5667.

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“…Global warming is primarily caused by greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), and nitrogen oxide (N 2 O) [1]. Among these, CO 2 is the most significant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Carbonated Steel Slag Admixture in the Cementitious System

Sun,

Wang,

Wang

2023

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Global warming caused by carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions has emerged as an undeniable environmental concern. While advocating for energy conservation and emissions reduction, the challenge of addressing the substantial CO2 emissions cannot be underestimated. Currently, steel slag is utilized in carbon capture and storage technology due to its potential for carbonation. However, the carbonation of steel slag necessitates a stable and cost-effective carbon source. Industrial exhaust gases are considered a viable option, but they often have low CO2 concentrations, resulting in sluggish carbonation rates. Therefore, this study focuses on directly converting steel slag powder into concrete mineral admixtures to enhance the carbonation rate at low CO2 concentrations. Experimental results reveal that a carbonation time of 3–7 days, a liquid–solid ratio of 50%, and the selection of sodium silicate as the alkali activator yield the optimal carbonation conditions. Under these conditions, the CO2 uptake can reach 15.3%–16.0%, and the f-CaO content can be reduced to 0.2%–0.3%. Mixing 30% carbonated steel slag powder with P·Ⅰ 42.5 cement in mortar samples yields a compressive strength of 32.1 MPa at 7 days and 47.5 MPa at 28 days, along with a flexural strength of 6.2 MPa at 7 days and 8.0 MPa at 28 days. The addition of carbonated steel slag powder not only enhances the mechanical properties but also reduces the pore diameter in the hardened cementitious system. In 7 days, the pore size decreases from being concentrated around 349 nm to approximately 282 nm, and in 28 days, the pore size decreases from being concentrated around 62 nm to roughly 55 nm. This transformation is primarily attributed to the role played by calcite grains in the carbonated steel slag powder, which facilitates nucleation and filling effects.

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Concrete Industry, Environment Issue, and Green Concrete: A Review

Cited by 13 publications

References 71 publications

Implementation of Green Materials in Construction Management System in Malaysia

Implementation of Green Materials in Construction Management System in Malaysia

A Novel MBAS-RF Approach to Predict Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer-Based Compositions

Properties of Carbonated Steel Slag Admixture in the Cementitious System

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