Concomitant tricuspid valve surgery in patients undergoing left ventricular assist device: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the effect of concomitant tricuspid valve surgery (TVS) during left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation due to the controversy over the clinical outcomes of concomitant TVS in patients undergoing LVAD. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed and EMbase from the inception to Aug 1st, 2023. Studies comparing outcomes in adult patients undergoing concomitant TVS during LVAD implantation (TVS group) and those who did not (no-TVS group) were included. The primary outcomes were right heart failure (RHF), right ventricular assist device (RVAD) implantation and early mortality. All meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models, and a two-tailed P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: 21 studies were included, and 16 of them were involved in the meta-analysis, with 660 patients in the TVS group and 1291 in the no-TVS group. Patients in the TVS group suffered from increased risks of RHF (risk ratios [RR]=1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.70, P=0.04; I 2=38%, p H =0.13), RVAD implantation (RR=1.56, 95%CI: 1.16-2.11, P=0.003; I 2 =0%, p H =0.74), and early mortality (RR=1.61, 95%CI: 1.07-2.42, P=0.02; I 2 =0%, p H =0.75). Besides, the increased risk of RHF holds true in patients with moderate to severe tricuspid regurgitation (RR=1.36, 95%CI: 1.04-1.78, P=0.02). TVS was associated with a prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time. No significant differences in acute kidney injury, re-operation requirement, hospital length of stay, or intensive care unit stay were observed. Conclusions: Concomitant TVS failed to show benefits in patients undergoing LVAD, and it was associated with increased risks of RHF, RVAD implantation, and early mortality.