Concomitant Mycobacterium avium Infection and Hodgkin’s Disease in a Lymph Node from an HIV-negative Child

Abstract

We report a case of an immunocompetent child with simultaneously an infection with Mycobacterium avium and Hodgkin's disease in a cervical lymph node. A positive PCR result for M. avium on a biopsy of the lymph node directed the definitive diagnosis for both etiologies and avoided a possible dissemination of this infection after chemotherapy was started.

Hodgkin’s lymphoma with multifocal Staphylococcus aureus infection in a 29-year-old male — a case study

“…Immunity disorders typical for HL are associated with decreased capacity of lymphoid dendritic cells (plasmacytoid dendritic cells -s-pDCs) to produce interferon-a (IFN-a) and a reduced number of circulating CD4 + T cells [16]. These disorders mainly cause weakness of cellular immunity and contribute to systemic, opportunistic viral, fungal, protozoan, or tuberculous infections [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The spectrum of infections occurring in patients with HL is similar to other immune disorders such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), glucocorticoid therapy, severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCID), or Di George syndrome [16].…”

Global View of HIV Infection

“…Many investigations have observed decreasing rates of TB concomitant with the increases in NTM. Finally, an interaction between the host and pathogen could involve a major increase in pathogen exposure or potential inoculum size [63][64][65][66][67] .…”

“…The precise immune defect predisposing HIV/AIDS patients to disseminated diseases is unknown 92 . The main manifestation of pulmonary and extrapulmonary infections for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial are the same affecting lung, pleura, skin, lymphatic system and producing dissemination infection (Figure 1, Figure 2), ( Figure 3A-3B-3C, Figure 4A-4B) 8,63,69 . For this reason is very important the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for treatment of AIDS patients that has been associated with a market reduction in the incidence of most opportunistic infection 82,89,92 .…”

Infection for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in the HIV/AIDS Patients

“…Many investigations have observed decreasing rates of TB concomitant with the increases in NTM. Finally, an interaction between the host and pathogen could involve a major increase in pathogen exposure or potential inoculum size [63][64][65][66][67] .…”

“…The main manifestation of pulmonary and extrapulmonary infections for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial are the same affecting lung, pleura, skin, lymphatic system and producing dissemination infection (Figure 1, Figure 2), ( Figure 3A-3B-3C, Figure 4A-4B) 8,63,69 . For this reason is very important the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for treatment of AIDS patients that has been associated with a market reduction in the incidence of most opportunistic infection 82,89,92 .…”