Concomitant administration of GonaCon™ and rabies vaccine in female dogs (Canis familiaris) in Mexico

Vargas-Pino, Fernando; Gutiérrez-Cedillo, Verónica; Canales-Vargas, Erick J.; Gress-Ortega, Luis R.; Miller, Lowell A.; Rupprecht, Charles E.; Bender, Scott; García-Reyna, Patricia; Ocampo-López, Juan; Slate, Dennis

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.06.061

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Use chemical or hormonal sterilization in conjunction with rabies vaccinations (94–97). It would be very useful to stimulate research into this possibility in the Moroccan context.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Century Spent Combating Rabies in Morocco (1911–2015): How Much Longer?

et al. 2017

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Rabies has no known beginning in Morocco and to date, government control efforts and plans fail to eradicate the disease. A review and analysis of available epidemiological data are crucial to learn lessons from the past and to propose effective actions. Legally, animal rabies is a notifiable disease since 1913 and legislation has been updated periodically since. Dogs have always been considered as both the disease’s vector and reservoir, while cattle, other herbivores, and humans are victims. Animal rabies cases evolution from 1942 to 2015 is characterized by ascending phase then decreasing one following structured rabies control plan implementation in 1980s. Indeed, from 1986 to 2010, three rabies control plans have been conducted based on free of charge rabies vaccination of owned dogs through mass campaigns. The geographical distribution of rabies is stable over the years with highest cases number in rich rural areas and around cities. Human rabies cases are decreasing over the time (1976–2015) thanks to the opening of new antirabic treatment centers in the last decade which permit the administration of more PEPs. After a century of rabies control, Morocco registered an average of 301 animal cases and 21 human cases annually for the last decade (2005–2015). Few reasons led to those limited results. The lack in law enforcement and, moreover, the fact that the law do not take into account responsible dog ownership aspect are of importance. Lack of dog population knowledge and management and intersectoral coordination deficiency are additional failure reasons. The gathered data will help to build a new strategy with a focus on a “One Health” approach. Dog population ecology parameters’ study is of primary importance. We estimated dog population to be 2.8 million dogs based on human:dog ratio. Enhancing vaccination coverage of dog population is feasible by combining parenteral vaccination and complementary oral vaccination. Updating legislation by inclusion of responsible dog ownership and law enforcement are crucial. Over the last century, Morocco registered a slow decreasing tendency in the number of animal and human rabies cases. Urgent strategy need to be implemented because rabies elimination is an achievable goal in Morocco.

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“…Use chemical or hormonal sterilization in conjunction with rabies vaccinations (94–97). It would be very useful to stimulate research into this possibility in the Moroccan context.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Century Spent Combating Rabies in Morocco (1911–2015): How Much Longer?

et al. 2017

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“…Small scale safety trials of GonaCon given along with rabies vaccinations have been completed in female dogs in Mexico (104) and on an American Indian reservation in the US (105), but there are as yet no data on its effects on fertility.…”

Section: Dpm and Rabies Control Now And In The Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Dog Population Management in Rabies Elimination—A Review of Current Approaches and Future Opportunities

et al. 2017

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Free-roaming dogs and rabies transmission are integrally linked across many low-income countries, and large unmanaged dog populations can be daunting to rabies control program planners. Dog population management (DPM) is a multifaceted concept that aims to improve the health and well-being of free-roaming dogs, reduce problems they may cause, and may also aim to reduce dog population size. In theory, DPM can facilitate more effective rabies control. Community engagement focused on promoting responsible dog ownership and better veterinary care could improve the health of individual animals and dog vaccination coverage, thus reducing rabies transmission. Humane DPM tools, such as sterilization, could theoretically reduce dog population turnover and size, allowing rabies vaccination coverage to be maintained more easily. However, it is important to understand local dog populations and community attitudes toward them in order to determine whether and how DPM might contribute to rabies control and which DPM tools would be most successful. In practice, there is very limited evidence of DPM tools achieving reductions in the size or turnover of dog populations in canine rabies-endemic areas. Different DPM tools are frequently used together and combined with rabies vaccinations, but full impact assessments of DPM programs are not usually available, and therefore, evaluation of tools is difficult. Surgical sterilization is the most frequently documented tool and has successfully reduced dog population size and turnover in a few low-income settings. However, DPM programs are mostly conducted in urban settings and are usually not government funded, raising concerns about their applicability in rural settings and sustainability over time. Technical demands, costs, and the time necessary to achieve population-level impacts are major barriers. Given their potential value, we urgently need more evidence of the effectiveness of DPM tools in the context of canine rabies control. Cheaper, less labor-intensive tools for dog sterilization will be extremely valuable in realizing the potential benefits of reduced population turnover and size. No one DPM tool will fit all situations, but if DPM objectives are achieved dog populations may be stabilized or even reduced, facilitating higher dog vaccination coverages that will benefit rabies elimination efforts.

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“…Surgical sterilization of dogs, coupled with vaccination, has been used to mitigate canine rabies in developing countries [84], with limited effectiveness. Also, at least two studies have evaluated concurrent administration of GonaCon and parenteral rabies vaccination; both vaccines induced rabies and gonadotropin-releasing hormone–specific immune responses in dogs in experimental settings [85, 86]. A conventional compartmental model designed for urban dogs predicted that a combination of vaccination and fertility control would achieve rabies elimination more quickly than vaccination alone, with less overall vaccine coverage required, although the model assumed homogeneous mixing of hosts [87].…”

Section: Rabies Management Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management and modeling approaches for controlling raccoon rabies: The road to elimination

et al. 2017

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Rabies is an ancient viral disease that significantly impacts human and animal health throughout the world. In the developing parts of the world, dog bites represent the highest risk of rabies infection to people, livestock, and other animals. However, in North America, where several rabies virus variants currently circulate in wildlife, human contact with the raccoon rabies variant leads to the highest per capita population administration of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) annually. Previous rabies variant elimination in raccoons (Canada), foxes (Europe), and dogs and coyotes (United States) demonstrates that elimination of the raccoon variant from the eastern US is feasible, given an understanding of rabies control costs and benefits and the availability of proper tools. Also critical is a cooperatively produced strategic plan that emphasizes collaborative rabies management among agencies and organizations at the landscape scale. Common management strategies, alone or as part of an integrated approach, include the following: oral rabies vaccination (ORV), trap-vaccinate-release (TVR), and local population reduction. As a complement, mathematical and statistical modeling approaches can guide intervention planning, such as through contact networks, circuit theory, individual-based modeling, and others, which can be used to better understand and predict rabies dynamics through simulated interactions among the host, virus, environment, and control strategy. Strategies derived from this ecological lens can then be optimized to produce a management plan that balances the ecological needs and program financial resources. This paper discusses the management and modeling strategies that are currently used, or have been used in the past, and provides a platform of options for consideration while developing raccoon rabies virus elimination strategies in the US.

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Concomitant administration of GonaCon™ and rabies vaccine in female dogs (Canis familiaris) in Mexico

Cited by 28 publications

References 6 publications

A Century Spent Combating Rabies in Morocco (1911–2015): How Much Longer?

A Century Spent Combating Rabies in Morocco (1911–2015): How Much Longer?

The Role of Dog Population Management in Rabies Elimination—A Review of Current Approaches and Future Opportunities

Management and modeling approaches for controlling raccoon rabies: The road to elimination

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