Conclusion

Jou, Willy; Endo, Masahisa

doi:10.1057/978-1-137-50342-8_7

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…First, the participants were asked to indicate which side of the spectrum they fell on for all three categories: “progressive–conservative,”“left–right,” and “liberal–conservative.” These three categories were chosen based on Japan’s current state, where people’s conception of political ideology is gradually changing (Jou & Endo, 2016). Participants were asked to choose between “1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friend–Enemy Divided Thinking from the Perspective of Intergroup Conflict: Relationship with International Attitudes and Conspiracy Beliefs

Nawata,

Fujimura,

Oga

2024

Sage Open

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The cognitive process of social categorization and perceived outgroup threat leads to the perception of the world as divided into intergroup conflict relations between enemy and friend groups—termed “friend–enemy divided thinking.” This study proposes the concept of friend–enemy divided thinking from the perspective of intergroup conflict and examines how this concept affects (1) political attitudes toward international relations and (2) conspiracy beliefs, which are closely related to intergroup conflict. A survey was conducted in Japan ( N = 735). The results showed that the stronger the friend–enemy divided thinking is, the stronger the conspiracy beliefs are. People with stronger friend–enemy divided thinking felt threatened by national defense and immigration and supported negative policies against international relations. Both conspiracy beliefs and negative political attitudes toward national defense and immigration in international relations were interpreted to be associated with the perception of a hostile intergroup conflict that is heightened by friend–enemy divided thinking.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friend–Enemy Divided Thinking from the Perspective of Intergroup Conflict: Relationship with International Attitudes and Conspiracy Beliefs

Nawata,

Fujimura,

Oga

2024

Sage Open

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“…Intergroup apologies used in this study involve apologies made by the Japanese government for the atrocities committed by the Japanese military against Asian countries before and during World War II. Previous studies conducted in Japan have repeatedly demonstrated that conservatives show a more negative attitude toward intergroup apologies by the government, because evaluations of the old political system (i.e., the political system in the pre-World War II period) are closely connected to ideological confrontations between conservatives and progressives 3 (e.g., Kabashima and Takenaka, 1996, 2012; Jou and Endo, 2016a, 2016b; Mifune et al , 2019). That is to say, while Japanese progressives who disavow the prewar political system do not oppose apologies for shameful past misdeeds, conservative groups that do not necessarily disavow the prewar political system oppose apologies, possibly because they tend to imply the wrongness of the prewar political system.…”

Section: Theory and Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, in Japan, citizens are divided over whether to regard Japan's colonial expansion, which contributed to World War II and caused great damage to Asian countries, as something to be truly regretted or as something that was unavoidable in the age of colonialism. Therefore, some people claim that an apology is required for the damage caused by the Japanese military to the people in Asian countries during World War II, while others deny the need for such an apology (Jou and Endo, 2016a). Thus, Japan, where apologies for historical events have become an important point of contention that divides public opinion, is an effective research target for clarifying the characteristics of group apologies, which differ from apologies between individuals (Blatz and Philpot, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between ideology and resistance to governmental apology depends on political knowledge

Inamasu

Kohama

Mifune

et al. 2023

Japanese Journal of Political Science

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This study examines the relationship between ideology and resistance to the government's apology to Asian victims of Japan's colonial rule policy, which varies according to political knowledge. Based on existing research, because only a limited percentage of voters consider politics to be ideology based, it is expected that the association between ideology and resistance to intergroup apologies by one's own government differs according to their level of political knowledge. We selected three issues of political apologies: colonial rule in Asian countries, comfort women, and the massacre of Korean people based on false rumors at the time of the 1923 Kanto Earthquake; thereafter, we conducted an online survey of a panel selected by Nikkei Research Inc. The results suggest that the relationship between ideology and resistance among voters to political apologies varies with the level of political knowledge, as expected. On the contrary, social dominance orientations (SDO) were associated with resistance to apology, regardless of their level of political knowledge. We then tested the reproducibility of this finding by conducting a follow-up test on registered users of a crowdsourcing service after conducting a preregistration. In addition, we also measured general attitudes toward personal apologies and neighboring countries victimized by Japan's colonialist policies as factors that might predict resistance to apologies even among the politically uninformed. The association between ideology, SDO, and resistance to governmental apologies was generally replicated in this study.

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“…A second characteristic of Japan is that economic inequality is a familiar issue for citizens. Notwithstanding, opinions on economic issues do not predict political attitudes among Japanese voters, at least superficially ( Jou and Endo, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though economic inequality is a familiar issue for many voters, there is no strong relationship between political attitudes and perceptions of inequality among Japanese voters. Empirical studies indicate that left–right ideology and opinions on “big government-small government” have not been closely linked in Japan for a long time ( Jou and Endo, 2016 ). Similarly, a recent investigation showed that Japanese voters do not associate left–right ideological labels with economic issues ( Miwa et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of system justification theory in support of the government under long-term conservative party dominance in Japan

Nakagoshi

Inamasu

2023

Front. Psychol.

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The applicability of system justification theory (SJT) in Japan, where political contexts differ from those in Western countries, was evaluated in this study. SJT explains the psychological mechanisms underlying conservatism. Japan, which has a relatively long history as a democracy among East Asian countries, has a special political context. For instance, (1) it has had almost uninterrupted conservative governance since the end of World War II; and (2) unlike Western countries, opinions on economic issues are not clearly linked to conservative attitudes. A web survey of Japanese voters (n = 1,428) revealed that high general system justification (GSJ) and economic system justification (ESJ) were correlated with conservatism. Further, path analysis results showed that GSJ and ESJ predicted conservative attitudes. Additional analysis suggested that the status-legitimacy hypothesis, in which lower status groups have higher system justification motives, is not supported.

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Conclusion

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Friend–Enemy Divided Thinking from the Perspective of Intergroup Conflict: Relationship with International Attitudes and Conspiracy Beliefs

Friend–Enemy Divided Thinking from the Perspective of Intergroup Conflict: Relationship with International Attitudes and Conspiracy Beliefs

The Association between ideology and resistance to governmental apology depends on political knowledge

The role of system justification theory in support of the government under long-term conservative party dominance in Japan

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