“…Traditional criminological theories that receive the bulk of criminological attention include theories such as deterrence theory, learning theory, neutralization theory, strain theory, and self-control theory. While a few criminologists have promoted systems theory as a way to understand crime (Gottschalk & Hamerton, 2022; Payne, 2022; Robinson, 2014), these efforts pale in comparison to the number of times traditional theories are used to study, understand, and explain crime, much less cybercrime or white-collar crime. The absence of systems theory discussions in the white-collar crime and cybercrime literature likely foster inattention to the interconnections between societal systems and crime.…”