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Neckel, Sighard; Schaffner, Anna Katharina; Wagner, Greta

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-52887-8_14

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…This is the first scoping review to systematically investigate the evidence base and knowledge gaps regarding the stress-related diagnosis exhaustion disorder in the Swedish version of the ICD-10. Even though chronic stress and fatigue constitute global challenges, 4 exhaustion disorder has not been accepted into international versions of the ICD. The current review found 89 studies that explicitly studied exhaustion disorder, covering a broad range of research areas related to the lived experience of exhaustion disorder, symptom presentation and course, cognitive functioning, biological measures, self-rated symptom scales and treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exhaustion disorder: scoping review of research on a recently introduced stress-related diagnosis

et al. 2022

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Background Symptoms related to chronic stress are prevalent and entail high societal costs, yet there is a lack of international consensus regarding diagnostics and treatment. A new stress-related diagnosis, exhaustion disorder, was introduced into the Swedish version of ICD-10 in 2005. Since then, use of the diagnosis has increased rapidly. Aims To create the first comprehensive synthesis of research on exhaustion disorder to report on the current state of knowledge. Preregistration: Open Science Framework (osf.io), doi 10.17605/OSF.IO/VFDKW. Method A PRISMA-guided scoping review of all empirical studies of exhaustion disorder was conducted. Searches were run in the MEDLINE, PsycInfo and Web of Science databases. Data were systematically charted and thematically categorised based on primary area of investigation. Results Eighty-nine included studies were sorted into six themes relating to lived experience of exhaustion disorder (n = 9), symptom presentation and course (n = 13), cognitive functioning (n = 10), biological measures (n = 24), symptom measurement scales (n = 4) and treatment (n = 29). Several studies indicated that individuals with exhaustion disorder experience a range of psychiatric and somatic symptoms beyond fatigue, but robust findings within most thematic categories were scarce. The limited number of studies, lack of replication of findings and methodological limitations (e.g. small samples and scarcity of specified primary outcomes) preclude firm conclusions about the diagnostic construct. Conclusions More research is needed to build a solid knowledge base for exhaustion disorder. International collaboration regarding the conceptualisation of chronic stress and fatigue is warranted to accelerate the growth of evidence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 3 Despite the significant burden for afflicted individuals and society at large, there is still no international consensus regarding how chronic stress-related symptoms induced by work or other environmental factors should be diagnosed or treated. 4 …”

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Exhaustion disorder: scoping review of research on a recently introduced stress-related diagnosis

et al. 2022

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“…Mindfulness is currently encountering similar criticism: Because of its potential for individual emotion management and improvement of well-being and concentration, mindfulness in its Western reception is often used to prevent stress and burnout. As a result, in many social scientists’ and economists’ assessment, this program represents a neoliberal and individualized technology of the self (Forbes, 2019; Purser, 2019; Stanley, 2012) that exemplifies a response to the competition- and performance-driven states of burnout and exhaustion that are typical of late capitalist economies (Ehrenberg, 1998/2016; Han, 2015; Neckel et al, 2017). This perspective has become particularly popular under the term ‘McMindfulness’ (Purser, 2019; Purser & Loy, 2013).…”

Section: Mindfulness As An Object Of a Critical Sociologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Paradoxes of mindfulness: The specious promises of a contemporary practice

Sauerborn

Sökefeld

Neckel

2022

The Sociological Review

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The growing popularity of Western secular mindfulness programs in recent decades has frequently been criticized by sociologists. Mindfulness in this line of argument is viewed as the quintessential neoliberal and capitalist technology of the self. However, this – quite justified – functionalist critique does not account for how mindfulness is increasingly being used to escape growth driven-based optimization pressure. We therefore show, on the basis of our extensive empirical field research, how mindfulness is negotiated as a response to contemporary crises and social change, how this phenomenon can be understood as a symptomatic, contemporary cultural phenomenon. From our ethnographic data from 121 hours of participant observation in mindfulness courses in Germany and six interviews with mindfulness teachers, as well as analysis of relevant literature, we reconstruct four paradoxes of mindfulness. With reference to this, we show to what extent mindfulness is a program of specious promises. For in the final analysis, the broad accessibility and popularity of the program are based on the fact that its application is just as paradoxical as the social problems to which it promises to be a solution.

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“…This new understanding changed how organizations acted on employees. For example, the diagnosis of resistance to work changed from idleness, which was a managerial problem, to depleted energy, which became a widespread medical problem, first diagnosed as neurasthenia (Beard, 1869) and later as chronic fatigue and burnout (Neckel, Schaffner, and Wagner, 2017). Because energy was believed to constrain productivity, organizations used the “body as an accumulation strategy” (Harvey, 2000: 97), developing new “sciences for engineering [it] … as a productive machine” (Harvey, 2000: 104) and “mobilis[ing] strategies to extract the maximum effort from employees in the name of productivity” (May, 1999: 768).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Taking for granted the idea of body as machine, individuals diagnosed work-related health problems as burnout (Schaufeli, Leiter, and Maslach, 2009), which organizations caused through demands that exceeded biological limits. To fix these problems, people aimed to restore energy through a proper diet, which they conceptualized as the right fuel, and rest, which they conceptualized as recharging, enabled by a society in which organizations protected employees from risk, including through paid sick leave (Neckel, Schaffner, and Wagner, 2017). People took care of the body understood in this way, heeding its limits, but they identified with an individualizing psychological self.…”

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confidence: 99%

Embodying the Market: The Emergence of the Body Entrepreneur

Michel

2022

Administrative Science Quarterly

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When organizations take radically new forms, employees’ minds and bodies can also take radically new forms, but prior organizational research has lacked the concepts and data to understand such qualitative changes in persons. For 17 years, I studied a profound societal change, the market turn, inside organizations at their center, investment banks on Wall Street. The banks took a new, market-like form that facilitated the emergence of a cultural–historical new form of personhood, the body entrepreneur. Unlike traditional organizations, which predictably reward employee effort, the banks gradually decoupled rewards from effort, paying bankers for winning first internal and then external competitions and increasingly exposing them to market risk. Bankers internalized this entrepreneurial positioning by transforming their minds and bodies into resources for competitive success regardless of health consequences. As rewards became more elusive, bankers invested more resources, first the mind and then the body, and controlled them in progressively more powerful ways, first through cognitive techniques, then through self-experimentation with drugs. Bankers thus intervened more radically in their minds and bodies than organizations legitimately can, resulting in two qualitative person changes. One, bankers constructed personhood in cultural–historical new ways, changing from the traditional psychological self, which locates processes such as emotions and motivation in the mind, toward a somatic self, the body entrepreneur, which locates them in the body as brain states that bankers could self-design. Two, the body functioned in new ways: not inside–out as a biological imperative but outside–in, fluidly adjusting to changing situations. Whereas prior organizational theories have assumed what the body is, I problematize it, empirically studying the self-technologies through which people construct the culturally situated biologies that compel them to unproblematically reproduce new, market-like organizations.

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Conclusion

Cited by 3 publications

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Exhaustion disorder: scoping review of research on a recently introduced stress-related diagnosis

Exhaustion disorder: scoping review of research on a recently introduced stress-related diagnosis

Paradoxes of mindfulness: The specious promises of a contemporary practice

Embodying the Market: The Emergence of the Body Entrepreneur

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