Conclusion

Molak, Vlasta

doi:10.1201/9781439821978.bmatt

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Monte Carlo simulation was performed using the Oracle Crystal Ball complement for Microsoft Office Excel 2013. The software platform Oracle Crystal Ball is one of the most commonly used Monte Carlo modelling tools [ 59 ]. The number of iterations for the equation was set to 10,000.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Arsenic and Risk Assessment of Activities on Soccer Pitches Irrigated with Arsenic-Contaminated Water

Martínez-Villegas

Hernández

Meza-Figueroa

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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The aim of this research was to estimate the risk of human exposure to arsenic due to sporting activities in a private soccer club in Mexico, where arsenic-contaminated water was regularly used for irrigation. For this purpose, the total concentration in the topsoil was considered for risk assessment. This was accomplished through three main objectives: (1) measuring arsenic concentrations in irrigation water and irrigated soils, (2) determining arsenic spatial distribution in shallow soils with Geographical Information Systems (GIS) using geostatistical analysis, and (3) collecting field and survey data to develop a risk assessment calculation for soccer activities in the soccer club. The results showed that the average arsenic concentrations in shallow soils (138.1 mg/kg) were 6.2 times higher than the Mexican threshold for domestic soils (22 mg/kg). Furthermore, dermal contact between exposed users and contaminated soils accounted for a maximum carcinogenic risk value of 1.8 × 10−5, which is one order of magnitude higher than the recommended risk value, while arsenic concentrations in the irrigation water were higher (6 mg/L) than the WHO’s permissible threshold in drinking water, explaining the contamination of soils after irrigation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first risk study regarding dermal contact with arsenic following regular grass irrigation with contaminated water in soccer pitches.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%