Concise review of the genus Durvillaea Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1825

Velásquez, Marcel; Fraser, Ceridwen I.; Nelson, Wendy A.; Tala, Fadia; Macaya, Erasmo C.

doi:10.1007/s10811-019-01875-w

Cited by 26 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…By comparison, D. willana uplift at the study sites (Hay, 1979;Vaux et al, 2021). Greater rates of heatwave-associated loss of bull kelp were also proportionally less on the uplifted reefs compared to Oaro (Figure 4), perhaps because the uplift had already selected hardier individuals (Bennett et al, 2015;Gurgel et al, 2020;King et al, 2018) or possibly because the bull kelp beds contained D. poha, a species of bull kelp with a typically southern distribution and likely less tolerant to temperature stress Vaux et al, 2021;Velásquez et al, 2020). Together, the earthquakes and heatwaves have massively reduced the abundance of bull kelp along the Kaikōura coastline, ranging from heatwave only induced losses at non-uplifted sites (>60% at Oaro) to beyond the extent quantified in this study (north of Kaikoura peninsula to Cape Campbell) where reefs were uplifted up to 6 m and almost all bull kelp were destroyed (Gerrity et al, 2020;Schiel et al, 2019;Thomsen et al, 2020).…”

Section: Loss Of Bull Kelpmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The bull kelp species in this study were Durvillaea antarctica, which occurs at the lowest tidal zone, and D. willana, which occurs slightly deeper in the subtidal zone and is only partially exposed at the lowest tides. A third bull kelp species, D. poha, can be morphologically similar to D. antarctica, but inhabits slightly less wave-exposed habitats and is absent (or very rare) along the Kaikōura coastline (Fraser et al, 2012;Peters et al, 2020;Vaux et al, 2021;Velásquez et al, 2020). Additionally, there are two recognized clades of D. antarctica in New Zealand that are distributed to the north and south of Banks Peninsula, and therefore, most of the D. antarctica populations studied here belonged to the D. antarctica "NZ north" clade, whereas the Moeraki samples used as controls in survey 1 were of the D. antarctica "NZ south" clade (Fraser et al, 2020).…”

Section: Study System and Marine Heatwaves In The Kaikōura Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cascading impacts of earthquakes and extreme heatwaves have destroyed populations of an iconic marine foundation species

Thomsen

Mondardini

Thoral

et al. 2021

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim: Ecologists traditionally study how contemporary local processes, such as biological interactions and physical stressors, affect the distribution and abundance of organisms. By comparison, biogeographers study the distribution of the same organisms, but focus on historic, larger-scale processes that can cause mass mortalities, such as earthquakes. Here we document cascading effects of rare biogeographical (seismic) and more common ecological (temperature-related) processes on the distribution and abundances of coastal foundation species.Location: Intertidal wave-exposed rocky reefs around Kaikōura, New Zealand, dominated by large, long-lived, and iconic southern bull kelps (Durvillaea antarctica and Durvillaea willana). Methods:In November 2016, a 7.8 Mw earthquake uplifted the coastline around Kaikōura by up to 2 m, and a year later the region experienced the hottest summer on record. Extensive sampling of intertidal communities over 15 km coastline were done shortly after the earthquake and heatwaves and 4 years after the earthquake.Results: Durvillaea lost 75% of its canopy to uplift and the heatwaves reduced canopies that had survived the uplift by an additional 35%. The survey done 4 years after the earthquake showed that Durvillaea had not recovered and that the intertidal zone in many places now was dominated by small turfs and foliose seaweed. Main conclusions:Cascading impacts from seismic uplift and heatwaves have destroyed populations of Durvillaea around Kaikōura. Surviving smaller and sparser Durvillaea patches will likely compromise capacity for self-replacement and lower resilience to future stressors. These results are discussed in a global biogeographicalecological context of seismic activity and extreme heatwaves and highlight that these events, which are not particularly rare in a geological context, may have common long-lasting ecological legacies.

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Section: Loss Of Bull Kelpmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Study System and Marine Heatwaves In The Kaikōura Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cascading impacts of earthquakes and extreme heatwaves have destroyed populations of an iconic marine foundation species

Thomsen

Mondardini

Thoral

et al. 2021

Diversity and Distributions

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show abstract

“…For many of these species or lifestages, adherence onto substate is a major challenge and assisting them may proof beneficial for subsequent largescale cultivation at-sea. For example, the green species Ulva (Steinhagen et al 2021), Chaetomorpha (Gao et al 2018), Cladophora (de Paula Silva et al 2008, the red species Asparagopsis (Zhu et al 2021) and Palmaria (Grote 2019), or species of the order Fucales, such as Sargassum (Xie et al 2013), Phyllospora (Cumming et al 2020), and Durvillaea (Velásquez et al 2020). Furthermore, the use of a binder can be helpful in seaweed restoration projects, where propagules or seeded substrates may need assistance with adherence when they are transplanted into areas with relatively high flow rates or wave action (Morris et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence of kelp (Saccharina latissima) gametophytes on ropes with different binder treatments and flow regimes

et al. 2022

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The cultivation of kelp typically involves two stages, where an indoor hatchery phase preceedes the grow-out phase at-sea. The in situ adhesion of microscopic propagules onto specifically designed substrates using binders has been proposed as an alternative to conventional hatchery methods where juvenile seaweeds are cultured on seeded twine, aimed at saving resources while increasing productivity as it obviates the hatchery phase. Here we tested how well kelp (Saccharina latissima) gametophytes adhere to cultivation ropes using two binder types (agar and κ-carrageenan) and application treatment (separate or mixed application) under two ecologically relevant flow regimes (5 and 15 cm s−1), and a control condition (0 cm s−1) in a laboratory flume. Our findings indicate that the effectiveness of a binder to retain S. latissima gametophytes onto cultivation rope, measured by the sporophyte density, was comparable for all binder types in the high flow velocity (15 cm s−1) treatments, including the non-binder control treatment. Sporophyte densities were highest in the low flow velocities (0 and 5 cm s−1) in the absence of a binder compared to all other treatment combinations. In conclusion, our results highlight that the effectiveness of binder assisted seeding of kelp propagules did not differ between the binder and non-binder treatments and was unaffected by flow velocities for the binder treatments. These findings are important in the development of novel methods and further optimisation of existing binder-based methods aimed at retaining seaweed propagules onto cultivation rope.

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“…However, Durvillaea spp. have slow growth rates relative to other large habitat-forming seaweed species (North, 1970;Velaśquez et al, 2020). One species, Durvillaea antartica is very buoyant (Fraser et al, 2020), which may merit a different engineering strategy given ocean afforestation for this species.…”

Section: Limiting Factors For Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seaweed afforestation at large-scales exclusively for carbon sequestration: Critical assessment of risks, viability and the state of knowledge

Ross

Tarbuck²,

Macreadie

2022

Front. Mar. Sci.

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There have been discussions of scaling up offshore seaweed cultivation and sinking it exclusively for carbon sequestration (‘ocean afforestation’) and thereby help mitigate climate change, but is this concept feasible? Here we investigate the feasibility of ocean afforestation across five perspectives: 1) Ecological feasibility; 2) Technical feasibility; 3) Economic feasibility; 4) Co-benefits and risks; and 5) Governance and social considerations. Optimising ecological factors such as species selection and use of currents, alongside the use of low-cost biodegradable rafts in theory could see this concept scaled globally. An area of 400,000km2 or 16.4 billion biodegradable rafts would be needed for 1 gigatonne of CO2 fixation given roughly 16 rafts of 25m2 each would be needed per tonne of CO2 fixation. However, CO2 fixation (calculated from net primary productivity) and carbon sequestration (carbon permanently removed from the atmosphere) are fundamentally different processes, yet this distinction is often overlooked. Quantifying carbon sequestration from ocean afforestation remains elusive given several outstanding oceanic biogeochemical considerations. For example, the displacement of phytoplankton communities and their associated carbon sequestration via nutrient reallocation is a critical knowledge gap in understanding the climate change mitigation potential of ocean afforestation. Ocean afforestation also carries complex risks to marine ecosystems, for example, the impact on benthic communities of seaweed deposition. Additionally, governance and social challenges exist such as the legality of operation in relation to ocean treaties. The concept of ocean afforestation is still in its infancy, and while there are large research gaps, further investment into research should be given before the concept can be adequately compared against the suite of potential ocean-based climate change mitigation strategies.

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Concise review of the genus Durvillaea Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1825

Cited by 26 publications

References 80 publications

Cascading impacts of earthquakes and extreme heatwaves have destroyed populations of an iconic marine foundation species

Cascading impacts of earthquakes and extreme heatwaves have destroyed populations of an iconic marine foundation species

Adherence of kelp (Saccharina latissima) gametophytes on ropes with different binder treatments and flow regimes

Seaweed afforestation at large-scales exclusively for carbon sequestration: Critical assessment of risks, viability and the state of knowledge

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