Concertration Polarization on Ion Exchange Resin Membranes in Electrodialytic Demineralization

Mandersloot, W.G.B.; Hicks, R.

doi:10.1021/i260015a014

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…Hicks and Mandersloot (1968) provide some such data, referred to above. Also, in a recent paper by Marriott (1971), an example was given of one type of plate with enough information to be able to determine Sh and f ( Table I). The resulting performance characteristic, transformed to apply to electrodialysis, is shown in Figure 14.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sherwood Number and Friction Factor Correlations for Electrodialysis Systems, with Application to Process Optimization

Isaacson¹,

Sonin²

1976

Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev.

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Empirical Sherwood number and friction factor correlations are presented for electrodialysis systems with channels containing strip-type eddy promoters having various spacings. Based on the scheme developed by Sonin and lsaacson (1974), it is shown that an eddy promoter spacing of about four channel thicknesses represents an optimization from the point of view of process economics. Sample calculations for optimum operating conditions are given for typical brackish water electrodialysis processes using the optimum channel configuration. It is argued, furthermore, that with the optimum spacing, the strip-type promoters investigated here have a performance approximately equivalent to, or better than, the best of other types of eddy promotion systems which have been tested, at least in the Reynolds number range of interest in electrodialysis systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sherwood Number and Friction Factor Correlations for Electrodialysis Systems, with Application to Process Optimization

Isaacson¹,

Sonin²

1976

Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev.

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“…With increasing field strength the concentration of ions in the depleted CP zone is reduced towards zero and diffusion-limited transport through the DBL approaches a maximum value which, in the classical description of CP, particularly in the context of electrodialysis, is also known as limiting current density (regime 2 in Fig. 8b) [116,118,124,125]. In this "plateau" regime the slope is much smaller than in the Ohmic (linear) regime.…”

Section: Concentration Polarization At Flat Membrane Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Ionic conductance of nanopores in microscale analysis systems: Where microfluidics meets nanofluidics

Höltzel

Tallarek²

2007

J of Separation Science

142

153

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In this tutorial review we illustrate the origin and dependence on various system parameters of the ionic conductance that exists in discrete nanochannels as well as in nanoporous separation and preconcentration units contained as hybrid configurations, membranes, packed beds, or monoliths in microscale liquid phase analysis systems. A particular complexity arises as external electrical fields are superimposed on internal chemical and electrical potential gradients for tailoring molecular transport. It is demonstrated that the variety of geometries in which the microfluidic/nanofluidic interfaces are realized share common, fundamental features of coupled mass and charge transport, but that phenomena behind the key steps in a particular application can be significantly tuned, depending on the morphology of a material. Thus, the understanding of morphology-related transport in internal and external electrical potential gradients is critical to the performance of a device. This addresses a variety of geometries (slits, channels, filters, membranes, random or regular networks of pores, etc.) and applications, e. g., the gating, sensing, preconcentration, and separation in multifunctional miniaturized devices. Inherently coupled mass and charge transport through ion-permselective (charge-selective) microfluidic/nanofluidic interfaces is analyzed with a stepwise-added complexity and discussed with respect to the morphology of the charge-selective spatial domains. Within this scenario, the electrostatics and electrokinetics in microfluidic and nanofluidic channels, as well as the electrohydrodynamics evolving at microfluidic/nanofluidic interfaces, where microfluidics meets nanofluidics, define the platform of central phenomena.

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“…As the voltage is increased at constant electrolyte concentrations, at some voltage, the resistance increases sharply with increasing voltage. This voltage corresponds to the attainment of the limiting current (Cowen and Brown, 1959;Manderslott and Hicks, 1965) increasing voltage. From Figure 12, concentration polarization does not occur for NaCl up to a voltage of 6 V/cell pair.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of electrodialysis to deionize acidic wastewater streams

Shah¹

1987

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The use of electrodialysis to deionize an acidic process water stream is discussed. Direct electrodialysis of the stream containing hydrochloric acid was studied, as well as electrodialysis of a stream containing NaCl, which would result from neutralization of the process stream with caustic. Current efficiency, stack resistance, and osmotic water transfer were measured at various concentrations and stack voltages. If the ions are being transferred into a stream with low electrolyte concentration, direct electrodialysis of acid is the preferred route because of lower stack resistance. However, if the purpose of operation is reuse of process water, the electrolyte must be transferred into a very concentrated stream. In this case, neutralization prior to electrodialysis is preferred because, otherwise, very low current efficiency and high osmotic water transfer are observed.

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Concertration Polarization on Ion Exchange Resin Membranes in Electrodialytic Demineralization

Cited by 36 publications

References 4 publications

Sherwood Number and Friction Factor Correlations for Electrodialysis Systems, with Application to Process Optimization

Sherwood Number and Friction Factor Correlations for Electrodialysis Systems, with Application to Process Optimization

Ionic conductance of nanopores in microscale analysis systems: Where microfluidics meets nanofluidics

Use of electrodialysis to deionize acidic wastewater streams

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