Concerns with Male Infertility Induced by Exposure to Titanium Nanoparticles and the Supporting Impact of Pelargonium graveolens Essential Oil: Morphometric Records in Male-Wistar Rats

Abstract

Background: Due to the increased use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), the risks of their reprotoxic effect arise. This study anticipated examining the potential protective effects of GEO (geranium essential oil) components screened via GC/MS analysis against the reprotoxic impacts of TiO2 NPs on male rats. Methods: Thirty-two adult male rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control, GEO (75 mg/kg bwt/orally/day/60 days), TiO2 NPs (100 ppm/rat/IP/day/60 days), and TiO2 NPs + GEO. After 60 days, hormonal assay, semen appraisal, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes, testis and prostate morphometry, and the steroidogenesis-related genes’ mRNA expressions were assessed. Results: The TEM and DLS results demonstrated that synthesized TiO2 NPs are spherical with minimal aggregations polydispersed and varying in size from 50 to 100 nm. TiO2 NPs IP injection-induced sperm abnormalities decreased the percent of motile sperms in the sperm count, reduced sex hormone levels, altered the testicular oxidant/antioxidant status and mRNA expression of steroid-related genes, and induced architectural alterations in testicular, epididymal, and prostate gland tissues. GEO significantly rescued the TiO2 NPs-altered spermiogram, sex hormones, and antioxidant capacity, restored the tissue architectures, and enhanced steroidogenesis-related gene mRNA expression. Conclusions: These findings may significantly contribute to developing combinatorial treatments for infertility associated with various environmental and industrial xenobiotic exposures.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce apoptosis through ROS‐Ca2+‐p38/AKT/mTOR pathway in TM4 cells

“…In the Russian Federation, during the period spanning from 2000 to 2018, the number of infertile men increased by as much as 2.1‐fold, and the incidence of primary male infertility increased by as much as 82% over the same period (Kolmykov et al, 2021). The reproductive toxicity of TiO 2 NPs associated with direct contact the human body may serve as a potential etiological factor in male infertility (Said et al, 2022; Santonastaso et al, 2019). TiO 2 NPs possess the capacity to cross the blood‐testis barrier (BTB), leading to impairment of the male reproductive system by inducing apoptosis or necrosis in Sertoli cells and spermatocytes, as well as reducing sperm motility, quality, and quantity (Ni et al, 2021).…”