Concerns on the Risk of Malaysian Civil and Defense Systems Due to Intentional Electromagnetic Interference

Hamamah, F; Ahmad, Wan Fatinhamamah Wan; Gomes, Chandima; isa, maziah md; Homam, Mariyam Jamilah

doi:10.1109/apace47377.2019.9021096

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…2 The exposed electromagnetic field can be both unintentional and intentional; the sources of unintentional electromagnetic interference may include electrical appliances, electrostatic discharge (ESD), radio signals, solar flares, lightning, and many more. 2 Intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI), which is the most enormous threat to electronic devices, [3][4][5] mainly encompasses the two types of pluses, 6 which are nuclear High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) [7][8][9] and High-Power Microwave (HPM). [10][11][12][13] Moreover, HPM weapons can produce an intense field in a dedicated direction to destroy an electronic target.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common‐mode current reduction in EMP coupling with the star‐quad cable having a reference conductor

Lodhi,

Zhu,

Gassab

2024

Int J Numerical Modelling

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The coupling of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) with the star‐quad cable having reference conductor is analyzed by using the proposed model, which is based upon multi‐conductor transmission line theory. Expressions for common‐mode (CM) and differential‐mode (DM) currents are developed. Two cases are mainly discussed: the first case is the star‐quad cable with a central reference conductor, and the second case with the outside reference conductor. A rigorous comparison between these two cases shows that when the reference conductor is placed at the center, the magnitude of CM current is reduced dramatically, which is beneficial for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). The CM current magnitude of the outside reference conductor is relatively very high due to the large CM current loop area, which is the least possible for the central reference conductor. There is no significant change in the DM current magnitude for both cases because the DM current has no direct dependence on the CM current loop area. A commercial software, FEKO, which utilizes the method of momentum (MoM), is used to compare the results of our proposed method, which are in good agreement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common‐mode current reduction in EMP coupling with the star‐quad cable having a reference conductor

Lodhi,

Zhu,

Gassab

2024

Int J Numerical Modelling

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“…In other words, the propagation channel can affect the total interfering power affecting a communication system. In this paper, our study is carried out by application of the millimeter wave channel models [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces: Performance Simulation in Millimeter Wave Channels

Shalaby¹,

Baioumy

Hana

et al. 2023

International Journal of Telecommunications

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The intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) can be implemented in radio systems in order to provide the cooperative communication services. In fact, the cooperative communication can increase the received signal strength at the communication receiver. Moreover, it can let transmitters send their signals with low power. The electromagnetic interference (EMI) can degrade the communication system performance. The total interfering power, affecting a communication system, can increase the bit error rate (BER). The large BER value is not good issue as it leads to a low system performance. Therefore, there should be tools and techniques in order to balance and compensate the existing BER. In fact, there are a lot of tools that can compensate the BER effect. We are concerned with the cooperative millimeter wave systems that are based on IRSs which are affected by EMI. Such systems have non-satisfied performance due to the high path losses as well as the existing EMI. These systems will be modeled and simulated. Furthermore, the space time block codes (STBC) are applied in order to compensate the bad performance of such systems. Really, the STBC codes can greatly compensate the bad effects of the high path loss as well as the large interference.

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“…The power they generate ranges from several up to a dozen or so gigawatts. For this reason, the generated pulses are often called high-power microwave (HPM) pulses, if they are in a microwave frequency range, or high power electromagnetics (HPEM) in frequencies lower than 300 MHz [1][2][3][4][5]. A distinguishing feature of HPM pulses is their very short duration, which enables reaching high power values with a relatively limited energy expenditure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

D-Dot Sensor Response Improvement in the Evaluation of High-Power Microwave Pulses

2021

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This article investigates the issue of measuring high-power microwave (HPM) pulses. The high energy of these pulses poses a significant threat to many electronic systems, including those used to manage critical infrastructure. This work focuses on requirements for a potential portable measurement device and suggests the application of a method for this purpose, involving the use of a D-dot sensor and a rapid A/D converter. The applied converter enables recording the time waveform on the measuring chain output, also in the case of repetition and time duration of HPM signals. The authors also present a quantitative description of signal processing by the analogue section of the measurement chain solution presented herein and suggest algorithms for digital processing of the signals, the objective of which is to minimize low-frequency interference in the process of reconstructing the time waveform of an electric field using numerical integration.

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Concerns on the Risk of Malaysian Civil and Defense Systems Due to Intentional Electromagnetic Interference

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Common‐mode current reduction in EMP coupling with the star‐quad cable having a reference conductor

Common‐mode current reduction in EMP coupling with the star‐quad cable having a reference conductor

Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces: Performance Simulation in Millimeter Wave Channels

D-Dot Sensor Response Improvement in the Evaluation of High-Power Microwave Pulses

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