Abstract:Probably the first work on the presence of toxic alkaloid-like bases in putrid meat and urine, and their significance for purposes of diagnosis in disease, was done by Selmi in 1880. In 1884 Bouchard began his development of the idea of urinary toxicity as measured by biological experimentation, and its application to clinical problems. Bouchard's work, and that of other French writers, gave an impetus to the investigation of the chemical character of the toxic elements in urine; and in this
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