Concerning the Mechanism of Diestrum During Lactation in the Albino Rat

Desclin, L

doi:10.1210/endo-40-1-14

Cited by 32 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…It also shows that the ovaries play no part in the maintenance of the low level of anterior pituitary LH found in late lactation in the sow. The factor concerned in suppressing LH synthesis is probably the suckling stimulus, as is apparently the case in the rat (Desclin, 1947;Rothchild, 1960). The results of the second experiment thus support the hypothesis that the ability of the sow to synthesize LH is inhibited during lactation.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Few reports dealing specifically with the lactational anoestrus of the sow have been published so far. In the rat, the endocrinology of lactational anoestrus has been subjected to detailed examination (Stotsenburg, 1923;Desclin, 1936;Desclin & Grégoire, 1937;McKeown & Zuckerman, 1938;Desclin, 1947;Rothchild & Parlow, 1960; McCann, Graves & Taleisnik, 1961). The present study attempts to clarify the reproductive and endocrine status of the sow during lactational anoestrus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Lactational Anoestrus of the Sow: The Status of the Anterior Pituitary-Ovarian System During Lactation and After Weaning

Crighton¹,

Ge²

1969

Journal of Endocrinology

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The status of the anterior pituitary-ovarian system of the sow was examined during lactational anoestrus and after weaning up to the occurrence of the first oestrus after weaning. The ovaries and uteri were examined and the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) contents of the anterior pituitary glands were measured.Suppression of follicular growth and uterine development was apparent during lactation. This was relieved by weaning, when follicle size increased and oestrus and ovulation occurred within 6 days.A high level of pituitary FSH was found during lactation which was maintained after weaning until oestrus occurred, when the level fell. The level of LH was low during lactation, rose after weaning and fell when oestrus occurred.Ovariectomy of sows during lactation did not affect the growth of the young. While ovariectomy during the oestrous cycle produced the expected uterine atrophy, ovariectomy during lactation did not result in any further decline in uterine weight or length, suggesting that oestrogen secretion is at a very low level during late lactation. Pituitary LH content rose as a result of ovariectomy performed during the oestrous cycle but failed to do so as a result of ovariectomy performed during lactation, thus demonstrating inability of the lactating sow to increase LH synthesis under circumstances when the cycling sow is capable of doing so.From these results it is postulated that (a) a considerable release of both FSH and LH occurs at about the time of the after-weaning oestrus, similar to that which is believed to occur at cyclic oestrus, (b) failure primarily of release of FSH and of synthesis of LH occurs during lactation which accounts for suppression of follicle growth, anoestrus and anovulation during lactation in the sow.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lactational Anoestrus of the Sow: The Status of the Anterior Pituitary-Ovarian System During Lactation and After Weaning

Crighton¹,

Ge²

1969

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Though lactation is associated with anovulation in several species (Neill, 1974) the mechanisms underlying the association vary considerably. In the rat lactation is associated with such severe suppression of gonadotrophin secretion (Desclin, 1947), that even the increase of LH that normally follows ovariectomy (Swerdloff et al, 1972) is lost during suckling (Hammons el al., 1973). In contrast, both in sheep (Pant, 1973) and in humans (McNeilly, 1975) the adverse effect of lactation on fertility is exerted primarily by an action on the ovary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Significance of Hyperprolactinaemia in Women With Amenorrhoea

Franks

Murray

Jequier

et al. 1975

Clinical Endocrinology

207

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Serum prolactin and gonadotrophin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in 106 women with amenorrhoea. Prolactin was normal in those with weight related disorders, primary ovarian failure, those with a variety of systemic diseases and in those in whom amenorrhoea followed treatment with the oral contraceptive and in unexplained primary amenorrhoea. Gonadotrophin concentrations in the above patients were normal except in those with primary ovarian failure. Prolactin was elevated in eight of forty patients (20%) with functional secondary amenorrhoea and was greatly raised in all but one of the thirteen women in this series with pituitary tumours (five of whom were studied only after treatment). Only three patients in each of the last two groups had galactorrhoea. Gonadotrophin levels were normal or slightly raised in all of the hyperprolactinaemic patients apart from those studied after hypophysectomy. Four hyperprolactinaemic patients (three with pituitary tumours and one with functional amenorrhoea) who did not have galactorrhoea have been treated with bromocriptine. Prolactin secretion was reduced in all patients and, in the two with normal gonadotrophins, ovulatory menstruation was resumed. One became pregnant in the second ovulation cycle after starting treatment. We conclude that, despite the rarity of galactorrhoea, hyperprolactinaemia is common in patients with functional amenorrhoea and in those with pituitary tumours. Treatment with bromocriptine in patients with normal gonadotrophins restores ovulation when the infertility is due to prolactin excess.

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“…In the rat, castration is followed by the appearance and development of "castration cells" in the anterior pituitary (Addison, 1917;Desclin, 1947). This change in pituitary morphology is described as an increase in the number and size of the basophilic cells and is accompanied with an elevation in gonadotropic potency (Engle, 1929;Evans and Simpson, 1929).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This change in pituitary morphology is described as an increase in the number and size of the basophilic cells and is accompanied with an elevation in gonadotropic potency (Engle, 1929;Evans and Simpson, 1929). Desclin (1947) demonstrated that constant nipple stimulation in the absence of milk loss prevented the appearance of castration cells in rats ovariectomized following parturition. Furthermore, prolactin in jections following ovariectomy did not prevent the appearance of castra tion cells in rats from which pups were removed at parturition.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%