Concerning feline infectious peritonitis outbreak in Cyprus

Attipa, Charalampos; Gunn‐Moore, Danielle; Mazeri, Stella; Epaminondas, Demetris; Lyraki, Maria; Hardas, Alexandros; Loukaidou, Stavroula; Gentil, Michaela

doi:10.1002/vetr.3143

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Companion animals are often overlooked in the transmission cycle of viral diseases; however, the close relationship of feline (FCoV) and canine CoV (CCoV) to human hCoV-229E 5,8 , as well as their susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 9 highlight their importance in potential transmission cycles. Whilst recombination between CCoV and FCoV of a large fragment spanning orf1b to M has been previously described 5,10 , here we report the emergence of a novel, highly pathogenic FCoV-CCoV recombinant responsible for a rapidly spreading outbreak of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), originating in Cyprus 11 . The recombination, spanning spike, shows 97% sequence identity to the pantropic canine coronavirus CB/05.…”

mentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Earlier this year, we alerted the veterinary field to an outbreak of FIP in Cyprus, where there had been a concerning increase in cases 11 . Cases were recorded as FIP only if they had compatible clinicopathological signs and a positive RT-qPCR for FCoV in one of the following samples; peritoneal fluid, pleural fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, fine needle aspiration biopsies, or tissue biopsies from granulomatous lesions.…”

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Supplementary Tables 1-5). In June and July there was a decline in RT-qPCR confirmed cases, which coincided with a large media awareness campaign to alert veterinarians to the spread of FIP 11 . This fall in RT-qPCR confirmed cases is likely due to most veterinarians diagnosing cases based on clinicopathological findings without performing PCR testing due to the additional financial cost.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Emergence and spread of feline infectious peritonitis due to a highly pathogenic canine/feline recombinant coronavirus

Attipa,

Warr,

Epaminondas

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cross-species transmission of coronaviruses (CoVs) poses a serious threat to both animal and human health1-3. Whilst the large RNA genome of CoVs shows relatively low mutation rates, recombination within genera is frequently observed and demonstrated4-7. Companion animals are often overlooked in the transmission cycle of viral diseases; however, the close relationship of feline (FCoV) and canine CoV (CCoV) to human hCoV-229E5,8, as well as their susceptibility to SARS-CoV-29highlight their importance in potential transmission cycles. Whilst recombination between CCoV and FCoV of a large fragment spanning orf1b to M has been previously described5,10, here we report the emergence of a novel, highly pathogenic FCoV-CCoV recombinant responsible for a rapidly spreading outbreak of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), originating in Cyprus11. The recombination, spanning spike, shows 97% sequence identity to the pantropic canine coronavirus CB/05. Infection is spreading fast and infecting cats of all ages. Development of FIP appears rapid and likely non-reliant on biotype switch12. High sequence identity of isolates from cats in different districts of the island is strongly supportive of direct transmission. A deletion and several amino acid changes in spike, particularly the receptor binding domain, compared to other FCoV-2s, indicate changes to receptor binding and likely cell tropism.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Emergence and spread of feline infectious peritonitis due to a highly pathogenic canine/feline recombinant coronavirus

Attipa,

Warr,

Epaminondas

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The results of this study suggest that pathogenic variants of CCoV-2 circulating in domesticated dogs can infect a felid species, the snow leopard, causing severe gastrointestinal signs. If these CCoV-2 can infect felids, recombination with FCoV-1 could occur, and the exchange of S can result in recombinant variants with distinct tropism, pathogenicity, and host range, as shown in the ongoing outbreak in Cyprus (51).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An outbreak of canine coronavirus type 2 in captive snow leopards(Panthera uncia)demonstrates a possible role for felids as mixing vessels for alphacoronaviruses

Olarte-Castillo,

Schlecht,

Calle

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The speciesalphacoronavirus-1comprises a set of diverse viruses of cats, dogs, and pigs, and is highly recombinogenic. Within this species, canine coronavirus type 2 (CCoV-2) can infect multiple species of canids, causing a range of clinical outcomes. CCoV-2 is genetically related to feline coronavirus type 1 (FCoV-1) and type 2 (FCoV-2), with FCoV-2 being a recombinant genotype of FCoV-1 and CCoV-2. Recently, a novel FCoV (FCoV-23) resulting from recombination with a highly pathogenic (pantropic) CCoV-2 (pCCoV-2) has been identified as the cause of a widespread outbreak among stray/feral cats in Cyprus. To understand the origin of recombinant variants it is crucial to identify hosts that can be infected with viruses in the speciesalphacoronavirus-1. Experimental evidence indicates that domesticated cats likely play a central role in the emergence of recombinant variants, as they can also be infected with CCoV-2. Wild felids are genetically closely related to domestic cats and may also be susceptible to FCoV and CCoV infection; however, there have been no reports of natural infection with CCoV in domesticated or wild felids. In this study, we retrospectively investigated a localized outbreak of severe enteritis in snow leopards (Panthera uncia)housed in a zoological institute in the U.S. Molecular screening and whole genome sequencing revealed the shedding of CCoV-2 in the feces of the three sick leopards. Phylogenetic analyses of the spike gene revealed it is genetically related to pathogenic variants of CCoV-2 identified in domesticated dogs in the U.S., and to pCCoV-2 CB/05 circulating in Europe. This study provides the first genetic evidence of CCoV-2 infection in a wild felid and highlights the necessity of conducting surveillance of both FCoV and CCoV in domesticated and wild felids.

show abstract

“…In the U.S., early estimates suggest there may be more than 30 million free-ranging feral/stray cats ( 31 ). Feral/stray cats often live in large groups (known as feral cat colonies) in which some viruses are highly prevalent ( 32 ), and large-scale outbreaks can occur ( 33 ). In many cities in the U.S., including New York City (NYC), humans often provide food for stray cats through feeding stations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and characterization of novel luchacoviruses, genus Alphacoronavirus , in saliva and feces of meso-carnivores in the northeastern United States

Olarte-Castillo,

Plimpton,

McQueary

et al. 2023

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Small- to mid-sized carnivores or meso-carnivores comprise a group of diverse mammals, many of which can adapt to anthropogenically disturbed environments. Wild meso-carnivores living in urban areas may get exposed to or spread pathogens to other species, including stray/feral domestic animals. Several coronaviruses (CoVs) have been detected in domesticated and farmed meso-carnivores, but knowledge of CoVs circulating in free-ranging wild meso-carnivores remains limited. In this study, we analyzed 321 samples collected between 2016 and 2022 from 9 species of free-ranging wild meso-carnivores and stray/feral domestic cats in the northeastern United States. Using a pan-CoV PCR, we screened tissues; feces; and saliva, nasal, and rectal swabs. We detected CoV RNA in fecal and saliva samples of animals in four species: fisher ( Pekania pennanti ), bobcat ( Lynx rufus ), red fox ( Vulpes vulpes ), and domestic cat ( Felis catus ). Next-generation sequencing revealed that all these viruses belonged to the Luchacovirus subgenus ( Alphacoronavirus genus), previously reported only in rodents and lagomorphs (i.e., rabbits). Genetic comparison of the 3′-end of the genome (~12,000 bp) revealed that, although the viruses detected group with and have a genetic organization similar to other luchacoviruses, they are genetically distinct from those in rodents and lagomorphs. Genetic characterization of the spike protein revealed that the meso-carnivore luchacoviruses do not have an S1/S2 cleavage motif but do have highly variable structural loops containing cleavage motifs similar to those identified in certain pathogenic CoVs. This study highlights the importance of characterizing the spike protein of CoVs in wild species for further targeted epidemiologic monitoring. IMPORTANCE Several coronaviruses (CoVs) have been detected in domesticated, farmed, and wild meso-carnivores, causing a wide range of diseases and infecting diverse species, highlighting their important but understudied role in the epidemiology of these viruses. Assessing the viral diversity hosted in wildlife species is essential to understand their significance in the cross-species transmission of CoVs. Our focus here was on CoV discovery in meso-carnivores in the Northeast United States as a potential “hotspot” area with high density of humans and urban wildlife. This study identifies novel alphacoronaviruses circulating in multiple free-ranging wild and domestic species in this area and explores their potential epidemiological importance based on regions of the Spike gene, which are relevant for virus-host interactions.

show abstract

Concerning feline infectious peritonitis outbreak in Cyprus

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Emergence and spread of feline infectious peritonitis due to a highly pathogenic canine/feline recombinant coronavirus

Emergence and spread of feline infectious peritonitis due to a highly pathogenic canine/feline recombinant coronavirus

An outbreak of canine coronavirus type 2 in captive snow leopards(Panthera uncia)demonstrates a possible role for felids as mixing vessels for alphacoronaviruses

Detection and characterization of novel luchacoviruses, genus Alphacoronavirus , in saliva and feces of meso-carnivores in the northeastern United States

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About