Concern and practice among men about HIV/AIDS in low socioeconomic income areas of Lilongwe, Malawi

Kalipeni, Ezekiel; Ghosh, Jayati

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.10.013

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…For instance, several curable sexually transmitted diseases can increase the risk of HIV transmission 2-20 times per sexual contact, and prevalence is higher among those with poor access to prompt treatment [15]. Poverty has forced some women into commercial sex or other risky sexual behavior in order to survive, increasing their risk of contracting/spreading HIV/AIDS [30,31]. Therefore, conditions of high unemployment, and low and insecure wages that lead to such behavior may help explain high HIV rates among the urban poor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing spatial clustering and the spatiotemporal nature and trends of HIV/AIDS prevalence using GIS: the case of Malawi, 1994-2010

2014

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BackgroundAlthough local spatiotemporal analysis can improve understanding of geographic variation of the HIV epidemic, its drivers, and the search for targeted interventions, it is limited in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite recent declines, Malawi’s estimated 10.0% HIV prevalence (2011) remained among the highest globally. Using data on pregnant women in Malawi, this study 1) examines spatiotemporal trends in HIV prevalence 1994-2010, and 2) for 2010, identifies and maps the spatial variation/clustering of factors associated with HIV prevalence at district level.MethodsInverse distance weighting was used within ArcGIS Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software to generate continuous surfaces of HIV prevalence from point data (1994, 1996, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, and 2010) obtained from surveillance antenatal clinics. From the surfaces prevalence estimates were extracted at district level and the results mapped nationally. Spatial dependency (autocorrelation) and clustering of HIV prevalence were also analyzed. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with HIV prevalence for 2010 and their spatial variation/clustering mapped and compared to HIV clustering.ResultsAnalysis revealed wide spatial variation in HIV prevalence at regional, urban/rural, district and sub-district levels. However, prevalence was spatially leveling out within and across ‘sub-epidemics’ while declining significantly after 1999. Prevalence exhibited statistically significant spatial dependence nationally following initial (1995-1999) localized, patchy low/high patterns as the epidemic spread rapidly. Locally, HIV “hotspots” clustered among eleven southern districts/cities while a “coldspot” captured configurations of six central region districts. Preliminary multiple regression of 2010 HIV prevalence produced a model with four significant explanatory factors (adjusted R2 = 0.688): mean distance to main roads, mean travel time to nearest transport, percentage that had taken an HIV test ever, and percentage attaining a senior primary education. Spatial clustering linked some factors to particular subsets of high HIV-prevalence districts.ConclusionsSpatial analysis enhanced understanding of local spatiotemporal variation in HIV prevalence, possible underlying factors, and potential for differentiated spatial targeting of interventions. Findings suggest that intervention strategies should also emphasize improved access to health/HIV services, basic education, and syphilis management, particularly in rural hotspot districts, as further research is done on drivers at finer scale.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing spatial clustering and the spatiotemporal nature and trends of HIV/AIDS prevalence using GIS: the case of Malawi, 1994-2010

2014

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“…Within a changing cultural and social context in which extramarital sexual partnerships have become widespread, both men and women report awareness that they may contract HIV from their marital as well as extramarital sexual partners (Anglewicz, & Chintsanya, 2011; Kalipeni & Ghosh, 2007). Despite reported worry about contracting HIV, Kalipeni and Ghosh (2007) found that the overall rate of condom use in Malawi was approximately 8%, indicating the ubiquity of unprotected and high risk sexual behavior. Additionally, despite a 3-year campaign by UNAIDS to increase voluntary male circumcision to decrease risk of infection across the continent of Africa, Malawi remains the country with the lowest adoption rate of this effort (UNAIDS, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-related stigma: implications for symptoms of anxiety and depression among Malawian women

Kamen

Arganbright

Kienitz

et al. 2015

African Journal of AIDS Research

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An estimated 11% of the adult population in Malawi, Africa, is living with HIV/AIDS. The disease has taken a toll on communities, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Malawian women carry the burden of being caretakers for individuals infected with HIV while also worrying about their own health; however, little is known about how HIV/AIDS affects psychological functioning among Malawian women in areas hit hardest by the epidemic. To that end, this paper examined the influence of HIV-related stigma on symptoms of anxiety and depression among 59 women 17-46 years old who were recruited from the Namitete area of Malawi. Women who reported greater worry about being infected with HIV and greater HIV-related stigma were significantly more likely to report greater symptoms of anxiety and depression. These findings suggest that interventions that reduce HIV-related stigma are likely to enhance psychological functioning among Malawian women, which in turn will improve the women's quality of life and well-being.

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“…While poverty has been shown to be significantly related to risky sexual outcomes (Dodoo 2007; Kalipeni 2007b; Masanjala 2007), the urban poor have been found to be more likely to be infected with HIV than rural poor in African countries such as Kenya, due to a greater incidence of multiple sexual partnerships in impoverished urban areas. High unemployment, financial insecurity, unstable wages, and a social context which promotes prostitution may explain such disparities across economic classes (Dodoo 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and socio-behavioral patterns of HIV prevalence in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Messina

Emch

Muwonga

et al. 2010

Social Science & Medicine

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Concern and practice among men about HIV/AIDS in low socioeconomic income areas of Lilongwe, Malawi

Cited by 19 publications

References 18 publications

Analyzing spatial clustering and the spatiotemporal nature and trends of HIV/AIDS prevalence using GIS: the case of Malawi, 1994-2010

Analyzing spatial clustering and the spatiotemporal nature and trends of HIV/AIDS prevalence using GIS: the case of Malawi, 1994-2010

HIV-related stigma: implications for symptoms of anxiety and depression among Malawian women

Spatial and socio-behavioral patterns of HIV prevalence in the Democratic Republic of Congo

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