Conceptualizing gender in marital and family therapy research: The gender role strain paradigm.

Levant, Ronald F.; Philpot, Carol L.

doi:10.1037/10438-015

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…Discrepancy strain among women may appear in any of the areas defined by the norms of traditional femininity, or that result from the conflict between them (Levant and Philpot 2002). Although the women's movement/second wave feminism in the United States has created many opportunities for women to expand definitions of femininity, women still experience consequences when they do not abide by the traditional feminine gender roles (Levant and Philpot 2002). It is likely then that contemporary American women experience some degree of gender role stress, regardless of their beliefs about women's roles.…”

Section: Gender Role Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Femininity Ideology Scale (FIS): Dimensions and Its Relationship to Anxiety and Feminine Gender Role Stress

et al. 2015

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The purpose of this study was to conduct a confirmatory factor analytic investigation of the Femininity Ideology Scale (FIS) and to assess whether feminine gender role stress mediated the relationship between femininity ideology and anxiety. During the 2010-2011 academic year, a convenience sample of 606 college women were recruited from three universities and one college. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a four- versus the hypothesized five-factor model, resulting in the elimination of the Dependency/Deference factor. Mediation analysis using structural equation modeling indicated no direct relationship between Femininity Ideology and Anxiety, although an indirect one was observed, mediated through Feminine Gender Role Stress. The results are discussed in terms of possible changes in contemporary notions of femininity, and the utility of using the FIS in applied therapeutic settings.

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Section: Gender Role Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Femininity Ideology Scale (FIS): Dimensions and Its Relationship to Anxiety and Feminine Gender Role Stress

et al. 2015

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“…Girls and young women are regularly exposed to messages of presumed gender-appropriate behavior, appearance, and role expectations (Chrisler, 2008), but such subtle forms of sexism (e.g., cultural, institutional, interpersonal) can affect their physical safety and economic security (Gamst et al, 2011). Attempts to conform to gender role expectations lead some women to experience gender role strain (Levant & Philpot, 2002) and role overload (Hochschild, 1989).…”

Section: Perceived Sexist Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of the African American Women’s Shifting Scale (AAWSS).

Johnson

Gamst

Meyers

et al. 2016

Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology

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“…Another limitation of our study is that we only assessed the relationship between subjective femininity stress and certain psychological health outcomes. Given that gender is important in shaping multiple aspects of women’s lives (Eisler, 1995; Kimmel, 2000; Levant & Philpot, 2002), future studies could investigate the relationships between subjective femininity stress and other outcomes such as women’s physical health, identity development, self-esteem, and academic and career development issues as well as explore the role of potential moderators and mediators (e.g., social support, self-efficacy).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a Constructionist Perspective of Examining Femininity Experience

Shea

Wong

Wang

et al. 2013

Psychology of Women Quarterly

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The social constructionist perspective has become a useful framework for understanding women’s psychological experiences. However, tools for examining how women construct meanings of their experiences as female in relevant social situations remain limited. Over two studies, our article describes the development and psychometric properties of the Subjective Femininity Stress Scale (SFSS), which assesses women’s stress associated with their subjective experiences of being female. Participants (N = 468) described their personal experiences of what it means to be a woman by completing the sentence “As a woman…” 10 times; participants then rated how often each of the femininity experiences was stressful for them. Participants’ qualitative responses were coded based on 20 dimensions of femininity experiences, and their relationships with SFSS scores were examined. Study 1 provided evidence for test–retest reliability, convergent, and discriminant validity of the SFSS. Study 2 demonstrated concurrent and incremental validity of the SFSS. Several dimensions of femininity experiences were significantly correlated with women’s stress appraisal. The open-ended nature of the SFSS is easy to administer in clinical and organizational settings. The dual qualitative/quantitative aspects of the SFSS enable clients to create personally relevant meanings for their femininity experiences while also providing a stress index for exploring links with health outcomes.

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Conceptualizing gender in marital and family therapy research: The gender role strain paradigm.

Abstract: espite a body of clinical and theoretical literature that addresses gender issues in marital and family therapy (e g , Goldner, 1985, Hare Mustin,

Cited by 9 publications

References 79 publications

The Femininity Ideology Scale (FIS): Dimensions and Its Relationship to Anxiety and Feminine Gender Role Stress

The Femininity Ideology Scale (FIS): Dimensions and Its Relationship to Anxiety and Feminine Gender Role Stress

Development and validation of the African American Women’s Shifting Scale (AAWSS).

Toward a Constructionist Perspective of Examining Femininity Experience

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