Conceptualizing caveats for political research: Defining and measuring national reservations on the use of force during multinational military operations

Fermann, Gunnar; Frost-Nielsen, Per Marius

doi:10.1080/13523260.2018.1523976

Contemporary Security Policy

2018

DOI: 10.1080/13523260.2018.1523976

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Conceptualizing caveats for political research: Defining and measuring national reservations on the use of force during multinational military operations

Gunnar Fermann

Per Marius Frost-Nielsen

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“…While it can be argued that operational restrictions enable countries to take part in MMOs where they would otherwise abstain, it is apparent that caveats pose a hindrance to the effectiveness of MMOs and the achievement of operational goals (cf. Fermann & Frost-Nielsen, 2019).…”

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National restrictions in multinational military operations: A conceptual framework

Mello

2018

Contemporary Security Policy

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Recent scholarship in security studies has started to explore the causes and consequences of various forms of national restrictions in multinational military operations (MMOs). This article makes a conceptual contribution to this literature by developing a theoretical framework of national restrictions in MMOs that distinguishes between structural, procedural, and operational restrictions. I argue that these types of restrictions are governed by different causal mechanisms. Structural restrictions are relatively stable over time and effect deployment decisions irrespective of other factors. Procedural restrictions, on the other hand, can constitute veto points against deployment only in combination with distinct political preferences. Finally, operational restrictions directly affect the rules of engagement of troop contributing countries. The article illustrates the three types of restrictions and their interaction with empirical examples from a range of countries and sketches their impact on MMO deployment decisions and mandates. KEYWORDS Alliances; caveats; domestic politics; institutional constraints; parliamentary war powers; veto points During the Iraq War, Japan's conservative government under Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi faced severe constitutional obstacles with its aim to make a military contribution to the U.S.-led invasion. In Afghanistan's International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) mission, the German Bundeswehr operated under caveats that prohibited it from joining its coalition partners in the full range of operations by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). When chemical weapons were used in Syria in 2013, the British House of Commons effectively vetoed Prime Minister David Cameron's proposal for military action. These examples illustrate how national regulations and conventions can affect democratic decision-making on war involvement and the behavior of the armed forces in the field. 1

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National restrictions in multinational military operations: A conceptual framework

Mello

2018

Contemporary Security Policy

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The politics of military deployments: contestation of foreign and security policy in the Netherlands

Sonneveld

2024

Int Polit

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The politics of multinational military operations

Mello

Saideman

2018

Contemporary Security Policy

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Today, few countries fight alone; most fight as allies or partners in multilateral campaigns. The end of the Cold War opened a window of opportunity for multinational military operations (MMOs). These have seen varying degrees of participation, enthusiasm, and success. This special forum is devoted to the politics of multilateral warfare including their formation, maintenance, and durability. The introduction sketches past research and derives some key questions of continuing relevance. The contributions shed light on the domestic and international politics of MMOs, focusing on the implementation of national restrictions and their repercussions for MMOs, party politics of military intervention, the conditions under which states decide to defect from military operations, and the role of junior partners in MMOs. In sum, this forum offers a fresh look at the politics of MMOs, including conceptual contributions to the study of national restrictions, domestic constraints, and coalition warfare.One country may support another's cause, but will never take it so seriously as it takes its own. A moderately-sized force will be sent to its help; but if things go wrong the operation is pretty well written off, and one tries to withdraw at the smallest possible cost. (Von Clausewitz, 1984 [1832

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Conceptualizing caveats for political research: Defining and measuring national reservations on the use of force during multinational military operations

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

National restrictions in multinational military operations: A conceptual framework

National restrictions in multinational military operations: A conceptual framework

The politics of military deployments: contestation of foreign and security policy in the Netherlands

The politics of multinational military operations

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